How does a battery work ? Explain.

Explanation

1. A battery consists of two metal plates (electrodes) and a chemical (electronlyte).

2. This electrolyte consists positive and negative ions which move in oppsite directions.
3. This electrolyte exerts a force called chemical force `(F_(c))` to make the ions move in a specified direction.
4. Positive ions move towards one plate and accumulate on that. As result this plate become positively charged (Anode).
5. Negative ions move to another plate and accumulate on that. As a result of this the plate becomes negatively charged (Cathode).
6. This accumulation continues till both plates are suffciently charged.
7. But the ions expertence another force called electric force `(F_(e))`, when suffcient number of charges accumulated on the plates.
8. The direction of `F_(e)` is opposite to `F_(c)` and magnitude depends on the amount of charge accumulated on the plates.
9. The accumulation of charges on plates is continuous till `F_(e)` becomes equal to `F_(e)` Now there will not be any motion due to balance of `F_(e)andF_(c).`

10. The new battery that we buy from the shop is under the influence of balanced forces. This is the reason for the constant P.D. between the terminal of a battery.
11. When a conducting wire is connected to the terminals of the battery. a P.D. is created between the ends of the conductor which sets up an electric field throughout the conductor.
12. The large number of electrons in the conductor, near the positive terminal of the battery are attracted by it and start to move towards positive terminal. As a results, the amount of positive charge on this plate decrease. So `F_(e)` becomes weaker than `F_(c)andF_(c)` pulls negative ions from anode towards cathode.
13. The negative terminal pushes one electron into the conductor because of stronger repulsion between negative terminal and negative ion.
14. Hence, the total number of electrons in the conductor remains constant during the current flow. The above said process continuous till `F_(e)=F_(c)`