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It is obseved that functioning of neuron...

It is obseved that functioning of neuronal circuits in our brain is driven by the energy available from combustion of glucose. Calculate the amount of glucose (in gm) which should be burnt per hour to produce sufficient energy for brain which operated `at(128)/(9)` watts.
`|DeltaH^(@)|` 400 K combustion of glucose = 3000 kJ/mole
[Geven : `|DeltaS^(@)|` 400 K combustion of glucose = 180 J/mol K]

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Read the passage given below and answer the question: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. ATP is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base, adenine, the sugar, ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose. The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source which the cell taps. Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when they are broken, which occurs through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis). Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy, when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. The importance of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as the main source of chemical energy in living matter and its involvement in cellular processes has long been recognized. The primary mechanism whereby higher organisms, including humans, generate ATP is through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. For the majority of organs, the main metabolic fuel is glucose, which in the presence of oxygen undergoes complete combustion to CO_2 and H_2O : C_6H_(12)O_6 + 6O_2 rarr 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + "energy" The free energy (AG) liberated in this exergonic (AG is negative) reaction is partially trapped as ATP in two consecutive processes: glycolysis (cytosol) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria). The first produces 2 mol of ATP per mol of glucose, and the second 36 mol of ATP per mol of glucose. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation yields 17-18 times as much useful energy in the form of ATP as can be obtained from the same amount of glucose by glycolysis alone. The efficiency of glucose metabolism is the ratio of amount of energy produced when 1 mol of glucose oxidised in cell to the enthalpy of combustion of glucose. The energy lost in the process is in the form of heat. This heat is responsible for keeping us warm. (source: Erecińska, M., & Silver, 1. A. (1989). ATP and Brain Function. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 9(1), 2-19. "https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm." 1989.2 and "https://www.britannica.com/science/adenosine-triphosphate" ) Which of the following statement is true?

Read the passage given below and answer the question: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. ATP is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base, adenine, the sugar, ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose. The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source which the cell taps. Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when they are broken, which occurs through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis). Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy, when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. The importance of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as the main source of chemical energy in living matter and its involvement in cellular processes has long been recognized. The primary mechanism whereby higher organisms, including humans, generate ATP is through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. For the majority of organs, the main metabolic fuel is glucose, which in the presence of oxygen undergoes complete combustion to CO_2 and H_2O : C_6H_(12)O_6 + 6O_2 rarr 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + "energy" The free energy (AG) liberated in this exergonic (AG is negative) reaction is partially trapped as ATP in two consecutive processes: glycolysis (cytosol) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria). The first produces 2 mol of ATP per mol of glucose, and the second 36 mol of ATP per mol of glucose. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation yields 17-18 times as much useful energy in the form of ATP as can be obtained from the same amount of glucose by glycolysis alone. The efficiency of glucose metabolism is the ratio of amount of energy produced when 1 mol of glucose oxidised in cell to the enthalpy of combustion of glucose. The energy lost in the process is in the form of heat. This heat is responsible for keeping us warm. (source: Erecińska, M., & Silver, 1. A. (1989). ATP and Brain Function. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 9(1), 2-19. "https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm." 1989.2 and "https://www.britannica.com/science/adenosine-triphosphate" ) Which of the following statements is correct:

Read the passage given below and answer the question: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. ATP is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base, adenine, the sugar, ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose. The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source which the cell taps. Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when they are broken, which occurs through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis). Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy, when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. The importance of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as the main source of chemical energy in living matter and its involvement in cellular processes has long been recognized. The primary mechanism whereby higher organisms, including humans, generate ATP is through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. For the majority of organs, the main metabolic fuel is glucose, which in the presence of oxygen undergoes complete combustion to CO_2 and H_2O : C_6H_(12)O_6 + 6O_2 rarr 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + "energy" The free energy (AG) liberated in this exergonic (AG is negative) reaction is partially trapped as ATP in two consecutive processes: glycolysis (cytosol) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria). The first produces 2 mol of ATP per mol of glucose, and the second 36 mol of ATP per mol of glucose. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation yields 17-18 times as much useful energy in the form of ATP as can be obtained from the same amount of glucose by glycolysis alone. The efficiency of glucose metabolism is the ratio of amount of energy produced when 1 mol of glucose oxidised in cell to the enthalpy of combustion of glucose. The energy lost in the process is in the form of heat. This heat is responsible for keeping us warm. (source: Erecińska, M., & Silver, 1. A. (1989). ATP and Brain Function. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 9(1), 2-19. "https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm." 1989.2 and "https://www.britannica.com/science/adenosine-triphosphate" ) Cellular oxidation of glucose is a:

Read the passage given below and answer the question: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. ATP is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base, adenine, the sugar, ribose, and a chain of three phosphate groups bound to ribose. The phosphate tail of ATP is the actual power source which the cell taps. Available energy is contained in the bonds between the phosphates and is released when they are broken, which occurs through the addition of a water molecule (a process called hydrolysis). Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy, when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. The importance of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as the main source of chemical energy in living matter and its involvement in cellular processes has long been recognized. The primary mechanism whereby higher organisms, including humans, generate ATP is through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. For the majority of organs, the main metabolic fuel is glucose, which in the presence of oxygen undergoes complete combustion to CO_2 and H_2O : C_6H_(12)O_6 + 6O_2 rarr 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + "energy" The free energy (AG) liberated in this exergonic (AG is negative) reaction is partially trapped as ATP in two consecutive processes: glycolysis (cytosol) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria). The first produces 2 mol of ATP per mol of glucose, and the second 36 mol of ATP per mol of glucose. Thus, oxidative phosphorylation yields 17-18 times as much useful energy in the form of ATP as can be obtained from the same amount of glucose by glycolysis alone. The efficiency of glucose metabolism is the ratio of amount of energy produced when 1 mol of glucose oxidised in cell to the enthalpy of combustion of glucose. The energy lost in the process is in the form of heat. This heat is responsible for keeping us warm. (source: Erecińska, M., & Silver, 1. A. (1989). ATP and Brain Function. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 9(1), 2-19. "https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm." 1989.2 and "https://www.britannica.com/science/adenosine-triphosphate" ) Nearly 95% of the energy released during cellular respiration is due to:

Animals operate under conditions of constant pressure and most of the processes that maintain life are electrical (in a broad sense). How much energy is available for sustaining this type of muscular and nervous activity from the combustion of 1 mol of glucose molecules under standard conditions at 37^(@)C (blood temperature)? The entropy change is +182.4JK^(-1) for the reaction as stated. DeltaH_("combustion[glucose]")=-2808KJ

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