A iiver inside the sea observes a ship on the water surface. Does he finds the ship taller or smaller then its actual height above the water surface. Give reason and draw ray diagram to support your logic.

A student holding a mirror in his hand, directed the reflecting surface of the mirror towards the Sun. He then directed the reflected light on to a sheet of paper held close to the mirror. Will he be able to determine the approximate value of focal length of this mirror form this activity? Give reason and draw ray diagram to justify your answer in this case.

A diver under water sees a bird in air, vertically above him. If the actual, height of the bird above the water surface is 'h' , then does it appear at the same height 'h' to the diver ? Explain giving reasons. If mu_(w) is the refractive index of water, find the shift in the bird's position as observed by the diver.

A parallel bean of light travelling in water (refractie index =4/3) is refracted by a spohereical bubble of radius 2 mm situation in water. Assuming the light rays to be paraxial. i. find the position of the image due to refraction at the first surface and the positoin of the final image, and ii draw a ray diagram showing the positions of oth the images.

A cyclindrical ice block is floating in water 10% of its total volume is outside water. Kerosene oil (relative density=0.8) is poured slowly on top of water in the container. Assume that the oil does not mix with water. Height of the ice cylinder is H. (a) As kerosene is poured, how does the volume of ice block above the water level change? (b) What is the thickness of kerosene layer above the water when 20% of the volume of the ice block is above the water surface? (c) Find the ratio of voume of ice block is kerosene to its volume in water after the kerosene layer rises above the top surface of ice and the block gets completely submerged. Neglect any melting of ice.

A man on the deck of a ship is 10m above the water level.He observes that the angle of elevation of the top of a cliff is 45o and the angle of depression of the base is 30o . Calculate the distance of the cliff from the ship and the height of the cliff.