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Tanning of leather is...

Tanning of leather is

A

colouring of leather by chemicals

B

coagulating and hardening of leather by chemicals

C

Polishing of leather to make it look attractive

D

processing to make leather hard

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
B
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hardening of leather in tanning industry is based on (a) electrophoresis (b) electro-osmosis (c) mutual coagulation (d) tyndall effect

In the following questions, select the related word from the given alternatives. Tanning : Leather : : Pyrotechnics :__?_

The amount of moisture that leather adsorbs or loses is determined by temperature, relative humidity, degree of porosity, and the size of the pores. Moisture has great practical significance because its amount affects the durability of leather, and in articles such as shoes, gloves, and other garments, the comfort of the wearer. High moisture content accelerates deterioration and promotes mildew action. On the other hand, a minimum amount of moisture is required to keep leather properly lubricated and thus prevent cracking. The study indicates that adsorption of moisture by leather is a multi-molecular process and is accompanied by low enthalpies of adsorption. Further 75-percent relative humidity the adsorption is a function of surface area alone. Untanned hide and chrome-tanned leathers have the largest surface areas. The leathers tanned with the vegetable tanning materials have smaller surface areas since they are composed of less hide substance and the capillaries are reduced to smaller diameters, in some cases probably completely filled by tanning materials. This process of tanning occurs due to mutual coagulation of positively charged hide with negatively charged tanning material. The result of the study indicated that untanned hide and chrome-tanned leather adsorb the most water vapour. Assertion: Leather absorbs different amount of moisture. Reason: Some moisture is necessary to prevent cracking of leather.

Assertion : Bacteria are useful in leather industry and jute industry. Reason : Bacteria separate jute fibres and perform leather tanning.

The amount of moisture that leather adsorbs or loses is determined by temperature, relative humidity, degree of porosity, and the size of the pores. Moisture has great practical significance because its amount affects the durability of leather, and in articles such as shoes, gloves, and other garments, the comfort of the wearer. High moisture content accelerates deterioration and promotes mildew action. On the other hand, a minimum amount of moisture is required to keep leather properly lubricated and thus prevent cracking. The study indicates that adsorption of moisture by leather is a multi-molecular process and is accompanied by low enthalpies of adsorption. Further 75-percent relative humidity the adsorption is a function of surface area alone. Untanned hide and chrome-tanned leathers have the largest surface areas. The leathers tanned with the vegetable tanning materials have smaller surface areas since they are composed of less hide substance and the capillaries are reduced to smaller diameters, in some cases probably completely filled by tanning materials. This process of tanning occurs due to mutual coagulation of positively charged hide with negatively charged tanning material. The result of the study indicated that untanned hide and chrome-tanned leather adsorb the most water vapour. Assertion: Vegetable tanned leather cannot adsorb a large amount of moisture. Reason: Porous materials have higher surface area.

The amount of moisture that leather adsorbs or loses is determined by temperature, relative humidity, degree of porosity, and the size of the pores. Moisture has great practical significance because its amount affects the durability of leather, and in articles such as shoes, gloves, and other garments, the comfort of the wearer. High moisture content accelerates deterioration and promotes mildew action. On the other hand, a minimum amount of moisture is required to keep leather properly lubricated and thus prevent cracking. The study indicates that adsorption of moisture by leather is a multi-molecular process and is accompanied by low enthalpies of adsorption. Further 75-percent relative humidity the adsorption is a function of surface area alone. Untanned hide and chrome-tanned leathers have the largest surface areas. The leathers tanned with the vegetable tanning materials have smaller surface areas since they are composed of less hide substance and the capillaries are reduced to smaller diameters, in some cases probably completely filled by tanning materials. This process of tanning occurs due to mutual coagulation of positively charged hide with negatively charged tanning material. The result of the study indicated that untanned hide and chrome-tanned leather adsorb the most water vapour. Assertion: Animal hide soaked in tannin results in hardening of leather. Reason: Tanning occurs due to mutual coagulation.

The amount of moisture that leather adsorbs or loses is determined by temperature, relative humidity, degree of porosity, and the size of the pores. Moisture has great practical significance because its amount affects the durability of leather, and in articles such as shoes, gloves, and other garments, the comfort of the wearer. High moisture content accelerates deterioration and promotes mildew action. On the other hand, a minimum amount of moisture is required to keep leather properly lubricated and thus prevent cracking. The study indicates that adsorption of moisture by leather is a multi-molecular process and is accompanied by low enthalpies of adsorption. Further 75-percent relative humidity the adsorption is a function of surface area alone. Untanned hide and chrome-tanned leathers have the largest surface areas. The leathers tanned with the vegetable tanning materials have smaller surface areas since they are composed of less hide substance and the capillaries are reduced to smaller diameters, in some cases probably completely filled by tanning materials. This process of tanning occurs due to mutual coagulation of positively charged hide with negatively charged tanning material. The result of the study indicated that untanned hide and chrome-tanned leather adsorb the most water vapour. Assertion: The vegetable tanning materials have smaller surface areas Reason: The capillaries present in leather are reduced to smaller diameters

The amount of moisture that leather adsorbs or loses is determined by temperature, relative humidity, degree of porosity, and the size of the pores. Moisture has great practical significance because its amount affects the durability of leather, and in articles such as shoes, gloves, and other garments, the comfort of the wearer. High moisture content accelerates deterioration and promotes mildew action. On the other hand, a minimum amount of moisture is required to keep leather properly lubricated and thus prevent cracking. The study indicates that adsorption of moisture by leather is a multi-molecular process and is accompanied by low enthalpies of adsorption. Further 75-percent relative humidity the adsorption is a function of surface area alone. Untanned hide and chrome-tanned leathers have the largest surface areas. The leathers tanned with the vegetable tanning materials have smaller surface areas since they are composed of less hide substance and the capillaries are reduced to smaller diameters, in some cases probably completely filled by tanning materials. This process of tanning occurs due to mutual coagulation of positively charged hide with negatively charged tanning material. The result of the study indicated that untanned hide and chrome-tanned leather adsorb the most water vapour. Assertion: Adsorption of moisture by leather is physisorption. Reason: It is a multimolecular process and is accompanied by low enthalpies of adsorption