What is absorption spectra? Give their types.

Explanation

When light is allowed to pass through a medium or an absorbing substance then the spectrum obtained is known as absorption spectrum. It is the characteristic of absorbing substance. Absorption spectrum is classified into three types:
(i) Continuous absorption spectrum:
when the light is passed through a medium, it is dispersed by the prism, is obtained continuous absorption spectrum. For instance, when we pass white light is passed through a blue glass plate, it absorbs everything except blue. this is an example of continuous absorption spectrum.
(ii) Line absorption spectrum:
when light from the incandescent lamp is passed through cold gas (medium), the spectrum obtained through the dispersion due to prism is line absorption spectrum (figure). Similarly, if the light from the carbon arc is made to pass through sodium vapour, a continuous spectrum of carbon arc with two dark lines in the yellow region of sodium vapour is obtained.
(iii) Band absorpaton spectrum :
When the white light is passed through the iodine vapour, dark bands on continuous bright background is obtained . this type of band is also obtained when white light is passed through diluted solution of blood or chlorophyll or through certain solutions of organic and inorganic compounds.