Consider the following statements,
I. The -OH group present in the phenol is ortho and para-directing .
II. Directive influence of a fundamental group in monosubstituted benzene depends on the nature of the substituent already present in the benzene ring.
III. The -OH group activates the benzene ring for the attack by an electrophile.
IV. Groups such as `-NH_(2), -NHR, -NHCOCH_(3), -OCH_(3), -CH_(3), -C_(2)H_(5)`., etc, are the examples of activating group.
Selection the correct option.

Options

A. I and II
B. II and III
C. II, III and IV
D. I, II, III and IV

Answer

To solve the question, we will analyze each statement one by one to determine if they are true or false.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement I**: "The -OH group present in the phenol is ortho and para-directing."
- The -OH group is indeed an electron-donating group due to its ability to donate lone pairs of electrons to the benzene ring. This increases the electron density at the ortho and para positions, making them more reactive towards electrophiles. Therefore, this statement is **True**.

2. **Statement II**: "Directive influence of a fundamental group in monosubstituted benzene depends on the nature of the substituent already present in the benzene ring."
- The directive influence of a substituent on a benzene ring does depend on the nature of the substituent already present. For example, if an electron-donating group is present, it will direct incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions, while electron-withdrawing groups will direct electrophiles to the meta position. Therefore, this statement is **True**.

3. **Statement III**: "The -OH group activates the benzene ring for the attack by an electrophile."
- The -OH group increases the electron density of the benzene ring, making it more reactive towards electrophiles. Thus, it activates the ring for electrophilic substitution reactions. Therefore, this statement is **True**.

4. **Statement IV**: "Groups such as -NH2, -NHR, -NHCOCH3, -OCH3, -CH3, -C2H5, etc., are the examples of activating groups."
- All the groups mentioned are electron-donating groups that increase the electron density on the benzene ring, thus activating it for electrophilic substitution. Therefore, this statement is **True**.

### Conclusion:
All four statements are true.

### Final Answer:
All statements (I, II, III, and IV) are correct.

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