In which of the following process entropy increases?
(a) Rusting of iron
(b) Vapourisatin of Camphor
(c) Crystallisation of sugar from syrup
(d) Atomisation of dihydrogen

Options

A. a and b
B. b and c
C. b and d
D. Only d

Answer

To determine which processes result in an increase in entropy, we will analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the Rusting of Iron
- **Reaction**: Iron (Fe) reacts with oxygen (O2) and water (H2O) to form rust (Fe2O3·3H2O).
- **States**:
- Reactants: Solid (Fe) + Gas (O2) + Liquid (H2O)
- Products: Solid (Fe2O3·3H2O)
- **Entropy Change**:
- The reactants consist of a solid, a gas, and a liquid, while the product is a solid.
- Gases and liquids have higher entropy than solids due to their greater disorder.
- Therefore, entropy decreases in this process.

### Step 2: Analyze the Vaporization of Camphor
- **Process**: Camphor (solid) is converted directly into vapor (gas).
- **States**:
- Reactants: Solid (Camphor)
- Products: Gas (Camphor vapor)
- **Entropy Change**:
- The transition from solid to gas involves an increase in disorder, as gas molecules have more freedom of movement compared to solids.
- Therefore, entropy increases in this process.

### Step 3: Analyze the Crystallization of Sugar from Syrup
- **Process**: Sugar crystallizes from a sugar syrup.
- **States**:
- Reactants: Aqueous solution (sugar syrup)
- Products: Solid (sugar crystals) + Aqueous solution
- **Entropy Change**:
- The initial state is a mixture of liquid and dissolved sugar, which has higher entropy than the solid sugar crystals.
- Hence, entropy decreases in this process.

### Step 4: Analyze the Atomization of Dihydrogen
- **Process**: Dihydrogen (H2 gas) is atomized into individual hydrogen atoms.
- **States**:
- Reactants: Gas (H2)
- Products: 2 × Gas (H atoms)
- **Entropy Change**:
- The process increases the number of gas particles, leading to greater disorder.
- Therefore, entropy increases in this process.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- **Entropy Increases**:
- (b) Vaporization of Camphor
- (d) Atomization of Dihydrogen

### Final Answer
The processes in which entropy increases are (b) Vapourization of Camphor and (d) Atomisation of Dihydrogen.

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