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Which one of the following is best catal...

Which one of the following is best catalyst for the reaction shown below?
`CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(8)CH_(2)Brunderset("benzene")overset(KCN)toCH_(3)(CH_(2))_(8)CH_(2)CN`

A

B

C

D

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To determine the best catalyst for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of `CH3(CH2)8CH2Br` to `CH3(CH2)8CH2CN` in the presence of benzene and KCN, we need to consider the role of the catalyst in stabilizing the cyanide ion (CN⁻) during the reaction. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Reaction Type**: The reaction involves the substitution of a bromine atom (Br) with a cyanide ion (CN⁻). This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction (S_N2 mechanism). 2. **Understand the Role of the Catalyst**: A catalyst in this context is needed to facilitate the reaction by stabilizing the nucleophile (CN⁻) and enhancing its reactivity. The ideal catalyst should minimize the solvation of the cyanide ion to allow it to act as a strong nucleophile. 3. **Consider the Properties of Catalysts**: - Quaternary ammonium salts are known to stabilize the cyanide ion to the least extent compared to other catalysts. This is because they can provide a favorable environment for the nucleophile without overly solvatizing it. - Other types of catalysts may either solvate the cyanide ion too much or not provide the necessary conditions for the reaction to proceed efficiently. 4. **Evaluate the Options**: - Look for a catalyst that is a quaternary ammonium salt, which has a nitrogen atom bonded to four carbon atoms (or other groups) and carries a positive charge. - For example, a compound like `N(CH3)4Cl` is a quaternary ammonium salt, while `N(CH3)2` or `NHCOCH3` do not fit this description. 5. **Select the Best Catalyst**: Based on the analysis, the best catalyst for the reaction is a quaternary ammonium salt, as it allows the cyanide ion to remain reactive without excessive solvation. ### Conclusion: The best catalyst for the reaction of `CH3(CH2)8CH2Br` to `CH3(CH2)8CH2CN` in the presence of KCN is a quaternary ammonium salt. ---
To determine the best catalyst for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of `CH3(CH2)8CH2Br` to `CH3(CH2)8CH2CN` in the presence of benzene and KCN, we need to consider the role of the catalyst in stabilizing the cyanide ion (CN⁻) during the reaction. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Reaction Type**: The reaction involves the substitution of a bromine atom (Br) with a cyanide ion (CN⁻). This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction (S_N2 mechanism). 2. **Understand the Role of the Catalyst**: ...
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