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Let Z=re^(itheta)(r gt 0 and pi lt theta...

Let `Z=re^(itheta)(r gt 0 and pi lt theta lt 3pi)` is a root of the equation `Z^(8)-Z^(7)+Z^(6)-Z^(5)+Z^(4)-Z^(3)+Z^(2)-Z+1=0`.
the sum of all values of `theta` is `kpi`. Then k is equal to

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To solve the given problem, we need to analyze the equation: \[ Z^8 - Z^7 + Z^6 - Z^5 + Z^4 - Z^3 + Z^2 - Z + 1 = 0 \] where \( Z = re^{i\theta} \) and \( r > 0 \) with \( \pi < \theta < 3\pi \). ### Step 1: Factor the Polynomial We can factor the polynomial by multiplying it by \( Z + 1 \): \[ (Z + 1)(Z^8 - Z^7 + Z^6 - Z^5 + Z^4 - Z^3 + Z^2 - Z + 1) = 0 \] This gives us: \[ Z^9 + 1 = 0 \] The roots of this equation are the 9th roots of -1. ### Step 2: Find the Roots The 9th roots of -1 can be expressed as: \[ Z_k = e^{i\left(\frac{\pi + 2k\pi}{9}\right)} \quad \text{for } k = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, 8 \] ### Step 3: Calculate the Angles The angles corresponding to these roots are: \[ \theta_k = \frac{\pi + 2k\pi}{9} \] ### Step 4: Determine Valid Angles We need to find which of these angles fall within the range \( \pi < \theta < 3\pi \). Calculating the angles for \( k = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, 8 \): - For \( k = 0 \): \[ \theta_0 = \frac{\pi}{9} \] - For \( k = 1 \): \[ \theta_1 = \frac{3\pi}{9} = \frac{\pi}{3} \] - For \( k = 2 \): \[ \theta_2 = \frac{5\pi}{9} \] - For \( k = 3 \): \[ \theta_3 = \frac{7\pi}{9} \] - For \( k = 4 \): \[ \theta_4 = \frac{9\pi}{9} = \pi \] - For \( k = 5 \): \[ \theta_5 = \frac{11\pi}{9} \] - For \( k = 6 \): \[ \theta_6 = \frac{13\pi}{9} \] - For \( k = 7 \): \[ \theta_7 = \frac{15\pi}{9} = \frac{5\pi}{3} \] - For \( k = 8 \): \[ \theta_8 = \frac{17\pi}{9} \] ### Step 5: Select Valid Angles From the above calculations, the valid angles that fall within \( \pi < \theta < 3\pi \) are: - \( \theta_5 = \frac{11\pi}{9} \) - \( \theta_6 = \frac{13\pi}{9} \) - \( \theta_7 = \frac{15\pi}{9} = \frac{5\pi}{3} \) - \( \theta_8 = \frac{17\pi}{9} \) ### Step 6: Sum of Valid Angles Now, we sum these valid angles: \[ \text{Sum} = \frac{11\pi}{9} + \frac{13\pi}{9} + \frac{15\pi}{9} + \frac{17\pi}{9} = \frac{56\pi}{9} \] ### Step 7: Express in Terms of \( k\pi \) We need to express this sum in the form \( k\pi \): \[ \frac{56\pi}{9} = k\pi \implies k = \frac{56}{9} \] ### Final Answer Thus, the value of \( k \) is: \[ \boxed{\frac{56}{9}} \]
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