Explain the production of x-rays.

Explanation

(i) X-rays are produced in x-ray tube which is essentially a discharge tube.
(ii) A tungsten filament F is heated wo incandescence by a battery. As a result, electrons are emitted from it by thermionic emission.

(iii) The electrons are accelerated to high speeds by the voltage applied between the filament F and the anode.
(iv) The target materials like tungsten, molybdenum are embedded in the face of the solid copper anode.
(v) The face of the target is inclined at an angle with respect to the electron beam so that x-rays can leave the tube through its side.
(vi) When high-speed electrons strike the target, they are decelerated suddenly and lose their kinetic energy.
(vii) As a result, x-ray photons are produced. Since most of the kinetic energy of the bombarding electrons gets converted into heat, targets made of high-melting-point metals and a cooling system are usually employed.