Pituitary gland is commonly called " master gland " of the body .Why?

Explanation

Pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus.Further pituitary gland controls the functioning of other major endcrine glands like thyroid gland,Adrenal gland testes ovary etc.through its secretions.Hence it is called master gland of the body
a. The Pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamic region of the brain by a stalk called infundibulum
2. The pituitary consists of two lobes anterior glandular adenophypophysis .
3. The anterior lobe originates from the embryonic invagination of pharyngeal epithelium called Rathke's pouch and the posterior lobe originates from the base of the brain as an outgrowth of hypothalamus
4. The hypothalamus along with its neural function also produces hormones and is considred as a neuro endocrine gland
5. Hypothalamus conatains groups of neurosecretary cells. It producess neurotransmitters which regulate the secretions of the pituitary The harmones produced by the hypothalamus acts either as a releasing hormones or as a inhibitory hormone
6. In the basal region of the brain, the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal blood vessel connects hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.It allows hypothalamic hormones to control anterior pituitary secretion.
7. The posterior pituitary is connected with hypothalamus by a nerve bundle called hypothalamic hypophyseal axis It produces nerve signal that control the posterior pituitary secretion . Hypothalamus maintains homeostasis blood pressure body temperature cardio and fluid electroyte balance of the body as the part of limbic system it influences various emotional responses
Eg. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) produced by hypothalmus stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid stimulatory hormone.
c. The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces the hormone vasopressin or anti diuretic hormone.It promotes reabsorption of water and electroytes by distal tubules of Nephron and therby reduces loss of water through urine. Hence it helps in maintaining salt and water balance in the body (osmoregulation)