What is ART? Explain any two of ART.

Explanation

A collection of procedures, which include the handling of gametes and/or embroys outside the body to achieve a pregnancy, is known as Assisted Reproductive technology. It increases the chance of pregnany in infertile couples. ART includes intra-uterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization, (IVF) Embryo transfer (ET), Zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT), Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Preimplanation genetic diagonsis, oocyte and sperm donation and surrogacy.
(i) Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)- In this method only one sperm is injected into the focal point of the egg to fertilize. The sperm is carefully injected into the cytoplasm of the egg. Fertilization occurs in 75-85% of eggs injected with the sperms. The zygote is allowed to divide to form an 8 celled blastomere and then transferred to the uterus to develop a protective pregnancy.
(ii) Surrogacy: Surrogacy is a method of assisted reproduction or agreement whereby a woman agrees to carry a pregnancy for another person, who will become the newborn child's parent after birth. Through in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryos are created in a lab and are transferred into the surrogate mother's uterus.