Mention the major threats to biodiversity caused by human activities. Explain.

Explanation

Even though India is one of the 17 identified mega diverse countries of the world, it faces lots of threats to its biodiversity.
(i) Apart from natural causes, human activities both directly and indirectly are today's main reason for habitat loss and biodiversity loss.
(ii) Fragmentation and degradation due to agricultural practices, extraction (mining, fishing, logging, harvesting) and development (settlements, industrial and associated infrastructures) leads to habitat loss and fragmentation leads to formation of isolated, small and scattered populations and as endangered species.
(iii) Some of the other threats include specialised diet, specialized habitat requirement, large size, small population size, limited geographic distribution and high economic or commercial value.
(iv) Large mammals by virtue of their size require larger areas to obtain the necessities of life- food, cover, mates than do smaller mammals.
(v) Mammals have specialized dietary needs such as carnivores, frugivorses and the need to forage over much larger areas than general dietary herbivores and omnivores.
(vi) Mammals also have low reproductive output other than small rodents.