Explain the factors influcencing the rate of a reaction

Explanation

Important factors that affect rate of a reaction are follows :
(ii ) The reaction of sodium with hydrochloric acid is faster than with acetic acid .
(iii ) Hydrochloric acid is stronger than acetic acid and more reactive . so the nature of the reactants influence reaction rate .
`2Na_((s))+2HCl_((aq)) to H_(2(g)) ` Fast
`2Na_((s))+2CH_(3)COOH_((aq)) to 2 CH_(3) COONa_((aq))+ H_(2(g))("slow")`
Concentration of the reactants :
changing the amount of the reactants alsoincreases the reaction rate . The amount of the substance present in a certain volume of the solution is called 'concentration '. More the concentration , more particles reaction , Granulated zinc reacts faster with 2M hydrochloric acid than 1M hydrochloric acid .
Temperature :
Increase in temperature provides energy to break more bonds and thus speed up the reaction , E.g `CaCO^3` reacts slowly with up the react slowly with HCI at room temperature . WHen the reaction mixutre is heated the reaction rate increases.
PRessure :
(i) if the reactants are gases , increasing their pressure , increases the reaction rate .
since on increasing pressure the reacting particles come closer and collide frequently .
Catalyst :
(i) A catalyst increase reaction rate without being consumed in the reaction .
(ii ) in certain reactions , adding a substance as catalyst speeds up the reaction.
Surface area of the reactants :
Powdering of the reactants , increasing the surface area and more energy is available on collision of reactant particles , thus the reaction rate is increased.