Write a note an ABO blood grouping .

Explanation

Blood groups
(I ) The concept of blood grouping was discovered by karl Landsteiner .He identified blood group group A ,B and O .
(ii ) AB blood group was recognized by Decastello and steini .
(iii ) Human blood contains certain specific substances called Aglutinogens or antigens (Ag) an agglutinins or antibodies (Ab) .
(iv ) Antigens are found on the membrane surface o RBC .
(V) Antibodies are present in blood plasma .
(vi ) Based on the presence or absence of antigen and antibodies human blood group is classified into four groups called A,B ,AB and O ,
(vii ) An individual has one of the four blood groups .
(viii ) 'A ' group individuals : antigen 'A' is present on the surface of RBC and antibody b ( anti- b) is present in the plasma .
(ix ) 'B' group individuals antigen 'B' is present on teh surface of RBC and antibody a ( anti -A) is present in the plasma .
(x ) 'AB' group individuals : Antigens A and B are present on the surface of RBC and antibodies are absent in the plasma .
(xi ) 'O' group individuals : No antigen A or B are absent on the surface or RBC , however , the plasma contains both antibodies 'a' and 'b' ( anti a and b ) .