Describe mutation breeding with an example.

Explanation

(i)Mutation is defined as the sudden heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA in an organism.
(ii)It os a process by which genetic variations are created which in turn brings about changes in the organism.
(iii)The organism which undergoes mutation is called a mutant.
Two types of mutagens:The factors which induce mutations are known as mutagens or mutagenic agents.
(i)Physical mutagens:Radiations like X-rays ,`alpha,beta` and `gamma`-rays,UV rays,temprature etc. which induce mutations are called physical mutagens.
(ii)Chemical mutagens :Chemical substances that induce mutations are called chemical mutagens.Eg: mustard gas and nitrous acid.The utilisation of induced mutation in crop improvement is called mutation breeding.
Achievements of mutation breeding:
(i)Sharbati sonora Wheat produced from sonora -64 by using gamma rays.
(ii)Atomita 2 rice with saline tolerance and pest resistance
(iii)Groundnuts with thick shells.