How does leaf structure affect the rate of transpiration?

Explanation

1. Some anatomical features of leaves like sunken stomata the presence of hairs cuticle the presence of hydrophilic substances like gum, mucilage help to reduce the rate of transpiration.
2. In xerophytes the structural modifications are remarkable. To avoid transpiration as in Opuntia the stem is flattened to look like leaves called phylloclade.
3. Cladode or cladophyll in Asparagus is a modified stem capable of limited growth looking like leaves.
4. In some plants the petioles are flattened and widened to become phyllodes example Acacia melanoxylon.