Explain the conventional methods adopted in vegetative propagation of higher plants.

Explanation

Conventional methods :
The common methods of conventional propagation are cutting, grafting and layering.
(a) Cutting :
(i) It is the method of producing a newplant by cutting the plant parts such as root, stem and leaf from the parent plant.
(ii)The cut part is placed in a suitable medium for growth.
(iii) It produces root and grows into a new plant. Depending upon the part used it is called as root cutting (Malus), stem cutting (Hibicus, Bougainvillea and Moringa) and leaf cutting (Begonia, Bryophullum).
Stem cutting is widely used for propagation.
(b) Grafting :
(i)In this, parts of two different plants are joined so that they continue to grow as one plant.
(ii)Of the two plants, the plant which is in contact with the soil is called stock and plant used for grafting is called scion. examples are Citrus, Mango and Apple. There are different types of grafting based on the method of uniting the scion and stock.
(iii)They are bud grafting, approach grafting, togue grafting, crown grafting and wedge grafting.
(c ) Layering :
(i) In this method, the stem of a parent plant is allowed to develop roots while still intact.
(ii) When the root develops, the rooted part is cut and planted to grow as a new plant. Examples : Ixora and Jasminum.
(iii) Mound layering and Air layering are few types of layering.