Write about the process of fermentation

Explanation

Fermantation refers to the metabolic process in which organic molecules (normally glucose) are converted into acids , gases , or alcohol in the absence of oxygen or any electron transport chain .
Bioreactor (Fermentor) is a vessel or a container that is designed in such a way that it can provide an optimum environment in which microorganisms or their enzymes interact with a substrate to produce tha required product in the bioreactor aeration , agitation , temperature and pH are controlled . Fermentatin involves two process namely upstream and downstream
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Upstream process : All the process before starting of the fermenter such as sterilization of the fermenter, preparation and sterilization of culture medium and growth of the suitable inoculum are called upstream process .
(ii) Downstream proces : All the process after the fermentation process is known as the downstream process . This process includes distilation , centrifuging , filtration and solvent extraction . Mostly this process involves the purification of the desired product .
Procedure of Fermentation :
(i) Depending upon the type of product , bioreactor is selected.
(ii) A suitable substrate in liquid media is added at a specific temperature , pH and then diluted .
(iii) The organism (microbe, animal/plant cell, sub-cellular organelle or enzyme ) is added to it .
(iv) Then it is incubated at a specific temperature for the specified time .
(v) The incubation may either be aerobic or anaerobic .
(vi) withdrawal of product using down stream processing methods .