How will you avoid the growing of microbes in nutrient medium during culture process? What are the techniques used to remove the microbes?

Explanation

Sterilization is the technique employed to getrid of microbes such as bacteria and fungi in the culture medium, vessels and explants.
Maintenance of Aseptic Environment :
(i) During in vitro tissue culture maintenance of aseptic environmental condition should be followed, i.e., sterilization of glassware, forceps, scalpels, and all accessories in wet steam sterilization by autoclaving at 15 psi `(121^(@)C)`for 15 to 30 minutes or dipping in `70% `ethanol followed by flaming and cooling
(ii) Sterilization of Nutrient Media:
(a) Culture media are dispensed in glass containers, plugged with non-absorbent cotton or sealed with plastic closures and then sterilized using autoclave at 15 psi `(121^(@)C)` for 15 to 30 minutes.
(b) The plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids and hormones are sterilized by passing through Millipore filter with 0.2 mm pore diameter and then added to sterilized culture medium inside Laminar Airflow Chamber under sterile condition.