Describe the anatomy of human heart.

Explanation

(a) Heart chambers : The human heart is typically four chambered. The upper chambers are called auricles or atria. The lower chambers are called ventricles. The walls of the auricles are thin , wherease the walls of the ventricles are thick. The auricles are separated by inter auricular septum. Ventricles are separated by inter ventricular septum, whereas the auricles and ventricles . Ventricles are separated by auriculo ventricular septum.
(b) Blood vessels associated with the heart : Two large veins called superior vena cave and inferior vena cava come together and from sinus venosus. This in turn opens into the right atrium. Two pairs of pulmonary veins (a pair from each lung ) Open separately into left atrium from lungs.
The pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle, and divides into two branches just above the heart. The largest artery called aorta arises from the left ventricle and runs upward-turns to the left and runs posteriorly as dorsal aorta.
(c ) . Valves of the heart. : Various types of valves are present at varioius opening to check the backward flow of blood. The left atrio-ventricular opening is guaded by two flap like structures called ventricles by " Chordae tendina". The opening of pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. and the opening of aorta into the left ventricle are guarded by semilunar valves.