State Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and mention the factors affecting the equilibrium of a population.

Explanation

Hardy Weinberg Law or Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium : This law was proposed by British Mathematician Hardy and German Physicist E. Weinberg. The Law states that "Gene frequeney of a Mendelian population remains constant through generations unless there are chromosomal aberrations, mutation etc to alter the genetic equilibrium".
This law describes that when the population is in equilibrium there is no evolution. Evolution occurs only when the equilibrium is altered. Mendelian population is a closely interbreeding group of organisms sharing a common gene pool.
Evolutionary factors like mutation, migration, genetic drift, gene flow, and sexual reproduction are factors affecting the equihibrium of a population.