Explain classification of elements into different blocks in the periodic table.

Explanation

(a) s- block elements : An element in which the outermost (differentiating) electron of its atom belongs to s - orbital of valence shell is called s - block elements. Kept in left hand side of the periodic table , group I & II (or IA IIA).
(b) p - block elements: An element in which the outermost (differentiating) electron of its atom belongs to p - orbital of valence shell is called p - block elements. Kept in right hand side of the periodic table , group 13 to 18.
Elements in group 18 are called Aerogens or Noble gases.
General electronic configuration of p - block elements is `ns^(2)np^(1-6)`
Both s and p block together is called representative or normal elements.
(c) d - block elements : - The atom of an element in which outermost (differentiating) electron enters to d - sub shell of pen ultimate (n-1) shell is called d - block elements .
Kept at middle (between s and p block elements) portion of the periodic table , group 3 to 12.
(d) f - block elements : An element in which outermost (differentiating) electron of its atom enters to f - sub shell of anti- penultimate (n-2) shell is called f - block elements . Placed separately at the bottom portion of the periodic table.