How alkyl halides are obtained from alcohols ?

Explanation

Alkyl halides are obtained from alcohols.
(a) By the action of IIX in presence of `ZnCl_(2)`
`underset("Ethyl alcohol")(C_(2)H_(5)OH) + HCl overset(ZnCl_(2))rarr underset("Ethyl chloride")(C_(2)H_(5)Cl + H_(2)O)`
(b) By the action of `PBr_(3) rarr underset("Ethyl bromide")(3C_(2)H_(5)Br + H_(3)PO_(2))`
(c ) By the action of `PCl_(5) rarr underset("Ethyl chloride")(C_(2)H_(5)Cl + HCl) + POCl_(3)`
(d) By the action of `SOCl_(2)`
`C_(2)H_(5)OH + underset("Thionylchloride")(SOCl_(2)) rarr C_(2)H_(5)CL + SO_(2) + HCl`