Which of the following vector less method used for direct DNA transfer in plant cells

How many of the following vectors are used for gene transfer in plants ? Ri plasmid, Ti plasmid, PEG, CMV, Gene gun

Which of the following is a method of gene transfer ?

Which of the following is used in heart shock method of direct gene transfer ?

A method of vectorless DNA transfer is:

Which cannot be used for direct gene transfer

Which of the following is not a direct method of gene transger in plants: