Which of the following is/are manufactured by the electrolysis of their fused salts?

Options

A. copper
B. Sodium
C. Aluminium
D. Platinum

Answer

To determine which of the following metals are manufactured by the electrolysis of their fused salts, we will analyze each option: copper, sodium, aluminum, and platinum.

### Step 1: Analyze Copper
- **Electrolysis of Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) in Aqueous Solution**:
- **Anode Reaction**: \( \text{Cu} \rightarrow \text{Cu}^{2+} + 2e^- \)
- **Cathode Reaction**: \( \text{Cu}^{2+} + 2e^- \rightarrow \text{Cu} \)
- **Conclusion**: Copper can be obtained from its aqueous solution, not from its fused salt. Therefore, copper does not meet the criteria.

### Step 2: Analyze Sodium
- **Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) in Aqueous Solution**:
- **Anode Reaction**: \( 2\text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2 + 2e^- \)
- **Cathode Reaction**: \( \text{H}_2\text{O} + e^- \rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\text{H}_2 + \text{OH}^- \)
- **Conclusion**: Sodium is not obtained from the aqueous solution as chlorine and hydrogen gases evolve instead.

- **Electrolysis of Fused Sodium Chloride (NaCl)**:
- **Anode Reaction**: \( 2\text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2 + 2e^- \)
- **Cathode Reaction**: \( \text{Na}^+ + e^- \rightarrow \text{Na} \)
- **Conclusion**: Sodium can be obtained from the fused salt. Therefore, sodium meets the criteria.

### Step 3: Analyze Aluminum
- **Electrolysis of Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) in Aqueous Solution**:
- **Anode Reaction**: \( 2\text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2 + 2e^- \)
- **Cathode Reaction**: \( \text{H}_2\text{O} + e^- \rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\text{H}_2 + \text{OH}^- \)
- **Conclusion**: Aluminum is not obtained from the aqueous solution.

- **Electrolysis of Fused Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3)**:
- **Anode Reaction**: \( 2\text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2 + 2e^- \)
- **Cathode Reaction**: \( \text{Al}^{3+} + 3e^- \rightarrow \text{Al} \)
- **Conclusion**: Aluminum can be obtained from its fused salt. Therefore, aluminum meets the criteria.

### Step 4: Analyze Platinum
- **Electrolysis of Platinum Nitrate (Pt(NO3)2) in Aqueous Solution**:
- **Anode Reaction**: \( \text{NO}_3^- + 4\text{H}^+ + 3e^- \rightarrow \text{NO} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \)
- **Cathode Reaction**: \( \text{Pt}^{2+} + 2e^- \rightarrow \text{Pt} \)
- **Conclusion**: Platinum can be obtained from its aqueous solution, not from its fused salt.

### Final Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- **Copper**: Not manufactured from fused salts.
- **Sodium**: Manufactured from fused salts.
- **Aluminum**: Manufactured from fused salts.
- **Platinum**: Not manufactured from fused salts.

Thus, the metals that are manufactured by the electrolysis of their fused salts are **Sodium and Aluminum**.

### Answer
**Sodium and Aluminum (Options 2 and 3)**.