A small sphere of radius `r_(1)` and charge `q_(1)` is enclosed by a spherical shell of radius `r_(2)` and charge `q_(2)`. Show that if `q_(1)` is positive, charge will necessarily flow from the sphere to the shell (when the two are connected by a wire) no matter what the charge `q_(2)` on the shell is [Fig]

Explanation

According to Gauss's law , the electric field between a spheres and a shell is determined by the charge `q_(1)` on a small sphere, hence, the potential difference, V, between the sphere and the shell is independent of charge `q_(2)`, for postive charge `q_(1)`, potential difference V is always positive.