Write the significance/applications of dipole moment

Explanation

In heteronuclear molecules, polarization arises due to a difference in the electronegativities of the constituents of atoms. As a result, one end of the molecule acquires a positive charge while the other end becomes negative. Hence , a molecule is said to possess a dipole.
The product of the magnitude of the charge and the distance between the centres of positive-negative charges is called the dipole moment `(mu)` of the molecules. It is a vector quantity and is represented by an arrow with its tail at the positive centre and head pointing towards a negative centre.
Dipole moment `(mu)="charge (Q)"xx "distance of seperation (r)"`
The SI unit of a dipole moment is 'esu'.
1 esui=`3.335xx10^(-30) cm`
Dipole moment is the measure of the polarity of a bond. It is used to differentiate between polar and non-polar bonds since all non-polar molecules (e.g `HG_(2),O_(2)`) have zero dipole moment. It is also helpful in calculating the percentage ionic character of a molecule.