FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS: FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
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Identify which of the following group as +m as well as -m ?
In the electrophilic substituion of benzene ring, the second substituent is directed by the group already present. Electron releasing groups (+I and +M) are ortho-para-directing and activating, whreas the electron withdrawing groups (-I and -M) are meta-directing and deactivating. Halogens are placed under the category of +T (Tautomeric) groups because they have -Ibdyctuve abd +Mesomeric effect. These groups are deactivating but ortho-para-directing. In the introduction of third group to the benzene ring, the product of minimum steric gindrance is formed. Which of the following is not an ortho, para-directing group ?
Identification of +m & -m groups : If the first atom of the group has lone pair or negative charge shows +m effect. +m group increases electron density at ortho and para position of benzene ring. If the group has vacant p- orbital on first atom, also a multipal bonded group in which second atom is more electronegative than the first then it shows -m effect. -m group decreases electron density of ortho and para position of benzene ring. Identify which of following group/s show -m effect when attached with benzene ring.
