Symplast includes all the following except

Options

A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell wall
C. Cell membrane
D. Plasmodesmata

Answer

To solve the question regarding what is included in the symplast pathway, we will analyze the components provided and their relation to the symplast and apoplast pathways.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Symplast and Apoplast Pathways**:
- The symplast pathway refers to the movement of water and solutes through the cytoplasm of plant cells, which are interconnected by plasmodesmata (small channels that connect adjacent cells).
- The apoplast pathway, on the other hand, involves the movement of water through the cell walls and intercellular spaces, bypassing the cytoplasm.

2. **Identifying Components**:
- The options given are:
- Cytoplasm
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Plasmodesmata

3. **Analyzing Each Component**:
- **Cytoplasm**: This is part of the symplast pathway as it is where the movement of water occurs through the interconnected protoplasts.
- **Cell wall**: This is part of the apoplast pathway. Water moves through the cell wall but not through the symplast pathway.
- **Cell membrane**: This is involved in the symplast pathway as it regulates the entry and exit of substances into the cytoplasm.
- **Plasmodesmata**: These are channels between plant cells that allow for the movement of water and solutes, thus they are part of the symplast pathway.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since the question asks which of the following is NOT included in the symplast, the answer is **Cell wall**.

### Final Answer:
The correct option is **Cell wall**.

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