Germ cells in vertebrate gonads are produced by:–

Options

A. Mitosis
B. Amitosis
C. Mitosis and meiosis
D. Endomitosis

Answer

To answer the question "Germ cells in vertebrate gonads are produced by:", we can break down the process step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Germ Cells**: Germ cells are the reproductive cells that give rise to gametes (sperm and eggs). In vertebrates, these cells are crucial for sexual reproduction.

2. **Origin of Germ Cells**: Germ cells originate from primordial germ cells. These primordial germ cells are formed early in embryonic development.

3. **Migration to Gonads**: After their formation, primordial germ cells migrate to the developing gonads, which will become either ovaries in females or testes in males.

4. **Cell Division**: Once the primordial germ cells reach the gonads, they undergo mitotic division. This process increases the number of germ cells through a series of mitotic divisions.

5. **Meiosis**: After the mitotic proliferation, the germ cells then undergo meiosis. This is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of haploid gametes (sperm or eggs).

6. **Final Differentiation**: The germ cells differentiate into mature gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) after meiosis.

7. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the production of germ cells in vertebrate gonads involves both mitotic division and meiosis.

### Final Answer:
Germ cells in vertebrate gonads are produced by **mitosis and meiosis**.