Which of the following involves the direct transfer of genetic material from one bacteria to another.

Options

A. Conjugation
B. Transformation
C. transduction
D. Lysogeny

Answer

To determine which process involves the direct transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another, we can analyze the options provided: Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction, and Lysogeny.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Processes**:
- **Conjugation**: This is a process where two bacterial cells come into direct contact. One bacterium (the donor) transfers genetic material (usually in the form of plasmid DNA) to another bacterium (the recipient) through a structure called a sex pilus.
- **Transformation**: This process involves the uptake of free DNA from the environment by a bacterium. The DNA can come from lysed cells and is incorporated into the recipient's genome.
- **Transduction**: This is a method of horizontal gene transfer where bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another.
- **Lysogeny**: This is a phase of the viral life cycle where a bacteriophage integrates its DNA into the host bacterium's genome, but it does not involve direct transfer of genetic material between two bacteria.

2. **Identify the Direct Transfer Method**:
- Among the processes listed, **conjugation** is the only method that involves direct physical contact between two bacterial cells, allowing for the transfer of genetic material.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer is **Conjugation**, as it involves the direct transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another.

### Final Answer:
**Conjugation** involves the direct transfer of genetic material from one bacteria to another.

---