Ovules absent in:-

Options

A. Pteridophyta
B. Gymnosperm
C. Angiosperm
D. (A) and (B) both

Answer

To determine where ovules are absent, let's analyze the options provided step by step.

### Step 1: Understand the term "ovule"
An ovule is a structure that develops into a seed after fertilization. It is found in seed plants, including gymnosperms and angiosperms.

### Step 2: Analyze the first option - **Thallophyta**
- Thallophyta includes algae, fungi, and some other simple plants. These organisms do not produce seeds or ovules.
- **Conclusion**: Ovules are absent in Thallophyta.

### Step 3: Analyze the second option - **Gymnosperms**
- Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants that have ovules. However, their ovules are not enclosed in an ovary.
- **Conclusion**: Ovules are present in Gymnosperms.

### Step 4: Analyze the third option - **Angiosperms**
- Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary. They definitely have ovules.
- **Conclusion**: Ovules are present in Angiosperms.

### Step 5: Analyze the fourth option - **A and B both**
- Since Thallophyta (A) does not have ovules, while Gymnosperms (B) do have ovules, this option is incorrect.
- **Conclusion**: This option is wrong.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Thallophyta**, as ovules are absent in this group.

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