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involves delocalisation of sigma - elec...

________ involves delocalisation of `sigma` - electrons of C - H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an unsaturated system or to an atom with a vacant or singly p - orbital.

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Hyperconjugation
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When four alkyl groups are attached to a carbon atom, that particular C - atom is called ________ carbon atom.

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Conformations are different arrangements of atoms that are interconverted by rotation about single bond. In eclipsed conformation the C-H bond on one carbon is directly aligned with C-H bond on the adjacent carbon. The angle that separates a bond on one atom from a bond on a adjacent atom is called a dihedral angle. A staggered conformation with two larger groups 180^@ from each other is called anti. A stagged conformation with two larger group 60^@ from each other is called gauche. Which of the following is gauche conformer ?

Conformations are different arrangements of atoms that are interconverted by rotation about single bond. In eclipsed conformation the C-H bond on one carbon is directly aligned with C-H bond on the adjacent carbon. The angle that separates a bond on one atom from a bond on a adjacent atom is called a dihedral angle. A staggered conformation with two larger groups 180^@ from each other is called anti. A stagged conformation with two larger group 60^@ from each other is called gauche. Identify the most stable conformer of 2-fluoro ethanol among the following :

Quantum mechanical calcuations show that mathematical mixing of certain combinaaation of orbitals in a given atom forms hybrid orbitals. The spatial orientations of these new orbitals lead to more stable bonds and are consistent with the observed molecular shapes . The process of orbital mixing is called hybridization and the new atomic orbitals are called hybrid orbitals.- Conditions (i) The no. of hybrid orbitals equal the number of atomic orbitalsmixed. (ii)The type of hybrid orbitals obtained varies with the type of atomic orbitals mixed. Rules to determine hybrid orbitals. Method i:Count no .of atoms directiy attached to central atom + lone pairs+single electrons. Method II: Count sigma - bonds+co-ordinate bonds+ lone pair+single electrons. If the number comes one to be 2 implies sp 5 implies sp^3d/dsp^3 3 implies sp^2 6 implies sp^3d^2/d^2sp^3 4 implies sp^3/dsp^2 7 implies sp^3d^3 Answer the following questions based on above passage : Phosphorous pentachloride in gaseous state exists as a momomer. In solid state, it exists as PCl_5^+. PCl_6^- ions. The hybrid state of P atom in PCl_5 is sp^3d . The hybrid state of P atoms in PCl_4^+ and PCl_6^- will be respectively

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In a hydrogen atom, the electron and proton are bound at a distance of about 0.53 Å. (a) Estimate the potential energy of the system in eV, taking the zero of the potential energy at infinite separation of the electron from proton. (b) What is the minimum work to free the electron, given that its kinetic energy in the orbit is half the magnitude of potential energy obtained in (a)? (c ) What are the answer to (a) and (b) above if the zero of the potential energy is taken at 1.06 Å separation?

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CHHAYA PUBLICATION-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY : BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES -FILL IN THE BLANKS
  1. When four alkyl groups are attached to a carbon atom, that particula...

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  2. The shape of the molecule containing only sp^(2) - hybridised carbon ...

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  3. The C - 2 atom of propa - 1,2 dience is hybridised.

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  4. The shape of the molecule containing only sp - hybridised carbon a...

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  5. The successive members of a homologous series differ by mass units.

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  6. The molecule, HC -= C - CH = CH - CH(3) contanis sigma - bonds

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  7. The general formula of dihydric alcohol is

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  8. The compound 5 - (1,2 - dimethylpropyl) - 6 - ethyldecane contains 3^...

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  9. Stereoisomers have atoms - to - atom bonding sequence or connectivity...

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  10. The number of isomers of a benzenoid aromatic compound having molecu...

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  11. Ethoxyethane and 2 - methoxypropane are related as

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  12. The amount of negative charge present on each O - atom of carbonate ...

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  13. The homoltic fission of a covalent bond requires energy than that req...

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  14. involves delocalisation of sigma - electrons of C - H bond of an alk...

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  15. In paper chromaatography, both the staionary and mobile phases are

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  16. An impure sample of benzoic acid containing a little sodium chloride c...

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  17. In steam distillation, the orgainc liquid boils at a temperature than...

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  18. In Carius method of estimation, chlorine present in an organic compou...

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  19. distillation is used to remove water from rectified spirit.

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