Why should a solution of a non-volatile and nonelectrolytic solute boil at a higher temperature? Explain with the help of diagram

How are monoclonal antibodies produced? Explain with the help of a diagram

Explain the laws of refraction with the help of ray diagram.

Why does a solution of non-volatile solute freeze at a lower temperature? Draw a neat diagram to prove your point.

Explain p-nitrophenol boils at higher temperature than o-nitrophenol?

Show graphically how the vapour pressures of a solvent and a solution of a non-volatile solute in it change with temperature. Show on the graph boiling point of the solvent and the solution. Which is higher and why?

For a dilute solution containing 2.5 g of a non-volatile non-electrolyte solute in 100 g water, the elevation of boiling point at 1 atm pressure is 2°C. Assuming concentration of solute is much lower than the concentration of solvent, determine the vapour pressure (mm Hg) of the solution. [Given: k_b for water = 0.76K-kg- mol^(- 1) ]

For a dilute solution containing 2.5 g of a non- volatile non-electrolyte solute in 100 g of water, the elevation in boiling point at 1 atm pressure is 2^@C Assuming concentration of solute is much lower than the concentration of solvent, the vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of the solution is (take k_b = 0.76 K kg mol^(-1)) .

This question has statement I and II. Of the four choices given after the statements, choose the one that best describes the two statements. Statement - I : In binary ideal solution more volatile component boils at less temperature and less volatile component boils at high temperature than their normal boiling point of pure component. Statement -II : For any composition, mixture boils at temperature in between the their normal boiling point temperature of pure component.