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Poor shielding of nuclear charge by d or...

Poor shielding of nuclear charge by d or f-orbital elements is responsible for which of the following facts?

A

Atomic radius of Nb(4-d series) is comparable to that of Ta(5-d series)

B

The 1st ionisation energy of copper is less than that of zinc

C

The value of electron gain enthalpy is more negative for sulphur than for oxygen.

D

The 1st ionisation energy for gold is greater than that of silver.

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
A, D
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Poor shielding of nuclear charge by d or f -orbital electrons is responsible for which of the following facts?

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Nuclear charge actually experienced by an electron is termed as effective nuclear charge. The effective nuclear charge Z^(**) actuall ydepends on type of shell and orbital in which electron is actually present. The relative extent to which the various orbitals penetrate the electron clouds of other orbitals is s gt p gt d gt f (for the same value of n) The phenomenon in which penultimate shell electrons act as screen or sheild in between nucleus and valence shell electrons and thereby reducing nuclear charge is known as shielding effect. the penultimate shell electrons repel the valence shell electron to keep them loosely held with nucleus. it is thus evident that more is the shielding effect, lesser is the effective nuclear charge and lesser is the ionization energy. Q. Which of the following valence electron experience maximum effective nuclear charge?

Nuclear charge actually experienced by an electron is termed as effective nuclear charge The effective nuclear Z^(**) actually depends on type of shell and orbital in which electron is actually present. The relative extent to which the various orbitals penetrate is . s gt p gt d gt f (for the same value of n) The phenomenon in which penulitmate shell electrons act as screen or shield in between nucleus adn valence shell electrons and there by reducing nuclear charge is known as sheilding effect. The penultimate shell electrons repel the valence shell electron to keep them loosely held with nucleus . It is thus evident that more is the shielding effect, lesser is the effective nuclear charge and lesser is the ionizatio energy. Which of the following is not concerned to effective nuclear charge?

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