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The size of any species depends on vario...

The size of any species depends on various factors such as nature of charge, magnitude of charge/oxidation state, effective nuclear charge, electronic configuration etc.
It has been observed that size of Indium (In) `~~` Thallium (TI). This can be attributed to:

A

actinoid contraction

B

lanthanoid contraction

C

both (a) and (b)

D

scandide contraction

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The correct Answer is:
B
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The size of any species depends on various factors such as nature of charge, magnitude of charge/oxidation state, effective nuclear charge, electronic configuration etc. Select the order of size which are correct?

The amount of energy required to remove, an electron from the last orbit of an isolated (free) atom in gaseous state is known as ionisation energy or first ionisation of the element. Similarly the energy required for the removal of the electron from the unipositive ion ( M^(+) produced above) is referred to as second ionization energy and thus the third, fourth etc. The ionisation energy depends on various factors like nuclear charge, size of atom, type configurations, screening effect and penetration power of the electrons. The domination factor responsible for the decreasing ionisation energies of the elements of moving down the group is:

The amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom to produce a monovalent anion is called electron affinity of first electron affinity or electron gain enthalpy. The first electron affinity is given a negative sign as the addition of an electron to a neutral atom is an exoergic process. The addition of electron to A^(-) requires energy to overcome the force of repulsion. Thus, the second electron affinity is an endoergic process. The magnitude of electron affinity depends on a number of factors such as (i) atomic size (ii) effective nuclear charge (iii) screening effects (iv) half and fully filled orbitals and (v) shape of orbital. In general, electron affinity increase as the atomic radii decrease in a period. However, there are exceptions when the atoms have stable configuration. In a group, electron affinity decreases as the size increases. However, the members of 3rd period have somewhat higher values than the members in the 2nd period of the same subgroups. Which of the following has least electron affinity?

J.C. Slater proposed an empirical constant that represents the cumulative extent to which the other electrons of an atom shield (or screen) any particular electron from the nuclear charge. Thus, slater's screening contant sigma is as : Z^(**)=Z-sigma Here, Z is the atomic number of the atom, and hence is equal to the actual number of protons in the atom. the parameter Z^(**) is the effective nuclear charge, which according to is smaller than Z, since the electron in question is screened (shielded) from Z by an amount sigma . Conversely, an electron that is well shielded from the nuclear charge Z experiences a small effective nuclear charge Z^(**) . The value of sigma for any one electron in a given electron configuration (i.e., in the presence of the other electrons of the atom in question) is calculated using a set of empirical rules developed by slater. according to these rules, the value of sigma for the electron in question is the cumulative total provided by the various other electrons of the atom. Q. Which of the following statement is correct?

The reducing effect of the nuclear charge by the inner electrons for on outer electron is termed aas shielding (or screening). As a result of shielding, the outer electrons in an atom always experience less nnuclear charge than the actual nuclear charge Z. The effective nuclear charge (Z^(**)) as experienced by an electron is then obtained by subtracting the total shielding contributions from alll the other electrons (i.e., except the one under consideration) from the actual nuclear charge. Z^(**)=Z-sigma Where sigma =sum of the shielding contributions. The rules for estimating contributions to sigma are as follows (Slater's rule) Contribution to shielding by each electron is : |{:("Electron","All Higher","Same","Group","Group"le),("Grpoup","Group","Group",n-1,n-2),(1s," "0,0.30,-,-),((ns,sp)," "0,0.35,0.85,1.00),((nd)or(nf)," "0,0.35,1.00,1.00):}| According to Slater's treatment, the energy of an electron in nth shell of an atom having atomic number Z is given by the empirical equation E=-13.6((Z^(**))/(n))^(2)eV Z^(**) = effective nuclear charge The size of isoelectronic species -F^(-),Na^(+) and Mg^(2+) is effected by:

J.C. Slater proposed an empirical constant that represents the cumulative extent to which the other electrons of an atom shield (or screen) any particular electron from the nuclear charge. Thus, slater's screening contant sigma is as : Z^(**)=Z-sigma Here, Z is the atomic number of the atom, and hence is equal to the actual number of protons in the atom. the parameter Z^(**) is the effective nuclear charge, which according to is smaller than Z, since the electron in question is screened (shielded) from Z by an amount sigma . Conversely, an electron that is well shielded from the nuclear charge Z experiences a small effective nuclear charge Z^(**) . The value of sigma for any one electron in a given electron configuration (i.e., in the presence of the other electrons of the atom in question) is calculated using a set of empirical rules developed by slater. according to these rules, the value of sigma for the electron in question is the cumulative total provided by the various other electrons of the atom. Q. According to Slater's rule, order of effective nuclear charge (Z^(**)) for last electron in case of Li, Na and K.

GRB PUBLICATION-PERIODIC TABLE-Comprehension
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  2. Ionisation energies three hypothetical elements are given below (in kJ...

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  3. Ionisation energies three hypothetical elements are given below (in kJ...

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  4. Ionisation energies three hypothetical elements are given below (in kJ...

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  5. In 1931, Pauling defined the electronegativity of an atom as the tende...

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  6. In 1931, Pauling defined the electronegativity of an atom as the tende...

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  7. In above graph element F is:

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  8. The amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated...

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  9. The amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated...

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  10. The amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated...

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  11. The properties of the elements (atomic/ionic radii, electron gain enth...

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  12. The properties of the elements (atomic/ionic radii, electron gain enth...

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  13. The properties of the elements (atomic/ionic radii, electron gain enth...

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  14. The properties of the elements (atomic/ionic radii, electron gain enth...

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  15. A quantitative measure of the tendency of an element to lose electron ...

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  16. Born Haber cycle helps to determine lattice enthalpy of ionic compound...

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  17. Born Haber cycle helps to determine lattice enthalpy of ionic compound...

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  18. Nitrogen can form many oxides with oxygen, and thus is said to exhibit...

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  19. The size of any species depends on various factors such as nature of c...

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  20. Ionisation energies of unknown elements are given below : |{:("Eleme...

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