What happens when acetic acid reacts with (i) Ammonia (ii) `SOCl_(2)`?

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the reactions of acetic acid with ammonia and thionyl chloride, we will analyze each reaction step by step.

### Step 1: Reaction of Acetic Acid with Ammonia

1. **Identify the Reactants**: The reactants are acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and ammonia (NH₃).

2. **Mechanism of Reaction**: Ammonia acts as a nucleophile. It can be dissociated into NH₂⁻ (nucleophilic part) and H⁺. The nucleophilic nitrogen (NH₂⁻) will attack the carbonyl carbon of acetic acid.

3. **Nucleophilic Attack**: The nitrogen from ammonia attacks the carbon atom of the carbonyl group (C=O) in acetic acid. This leads to the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate.

4. **Elimination of Water**: The tetrahedral intermediate collapses, resulting in the elimination of a hydroxyl group (OH) from the acetic acid, forming an amide.

5. **Product Formation**: The product of this reaction is acetamide (CH₃CONH₂).

### Summary of Reaction with Ammonia:
- **Reactants**: CH₃COOH + NH₃
- **Product**: CH₃CONH₂ (Acetamide)

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### Step 2: Reaction of Acetic Acid with Thionyl Chloride (SOCl₂)

1. **Identify the Reactants**: The reactants are acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and thionyl chloride (SOCl₂).

2. **Mechanism of Reaction**: Thionyl chloride is a chlorinating agent. In this reaction, the hydroxyl group (OH) of acetic acid will be replaced by a chlorine atom (Cl).

3. **Nucleophilic Attack**: The sulfur atom in thionyl chloride can facilitate the formation of a good leaving group (water) when it reacts with the hydroxyl group of acetic acid.

4. **Formation of Acid Chloride**: The reaction leads to the substitution of the hydroxyl group with a chlorine atom, resulting in the formation of acetyl chloride (CH₃COCl).

5. **Product Formation**: The product of this reaction is acetyl chloride (CH₃COCl).

### Summary of Reaction with Thionyl Chloride:
- **Reactants**: CH₃COOH + SOCl₂
- **Product**: CH₃COCl (Acetyl Chloride)

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### Final Summary of Both Reactions:
1. **Acetic Acid + Ammonia → Acetamide** (CH₃COOH + NH₃ → CH₃CONH₂)
2. **Acetic Acid + Thionyl Chloride → Acetyl Chloride** (CH₃COOH + SOCl₂ → CH₃COCl)

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