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Radioactive disintegration differs from ...

Radioactive disintegration differs from a chemical change inbeing a)An exothermic change b)A spontaneous process c)A nuclear process d)A unimolecular first-order reaction

A

and exothermic change

B

a sponthaneous process

C

a nuclear process

D

a unimolecular firs order reaction

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The correct Answer is:
C
Radioactivity involves disintegration of nucleus.
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Radioactive disintegration differs from a chemical change in being

For a spontaneous chemical process, the free energy change is

For a process top be spontaneous, at constant temperature and pressure, there must be decreases in free energy of the system in the direction of the process, i.e. DeltaG_(P.T.)lt0.Delta_(P.T.)=0 implies the equilibrium condition and DeltaG_(P.T.)gt0 corresponding to non-spontaneity. Gibb's Helmholtz equation relates the free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy change of the process as : DeltaG_(P.T.)=DeltaH-TDeltaS ......(i) The magnitude of Delta H does not change much with the change in temperature but the entropy factor TDeltaS changes appreciably. Thus, spontaneity of a process depends very much on temperature. For edothermic proces, both DeltaH "and " DeltaS are positive. The energy factor,the first factor of equation, opposes the spontaneity whereas entropy factor favours it . At low temperature, the favourable factor TDeltaS will be small and may be less than Delta H, DeltaG will have positive value indicating the non-spontaneity of the process. On raising temperature, the factor TDeltaS increases appreciably and when it exceeds DeltaH,DeltaG would become negative and the process would be spontaneous. For an exothermic process, both DeltaH " and " DeltaS would be negative. In this case, the first factor of equation(i) favours the spontaneity whereas the second factor opposes it. At high temperature, when TDeltaSgt DeltaH, DeltaG will have positive value, showing thereby the non-spontaneity of the process. However, on decreasing temperature, the factore TDeltaSlt DeltaH,DeltaG becomes negative and the process occurs spontaneously. Thus, an exothermic process may be spontaneous at low temperature and non-spontaneous at high temperature. For the reaction at 298K, 2A+B toC" " Delta H =100 kcal and DeltaS= 0.050 kcal K^(-1) . If DeltaH " and " DeltaS are assumed to be constant over the temperature range, just above what temperature will be reaction become spontaneous?

For a process top be spontaneous, at constant temperature and pressure, there must be decreases in free energy of the system in the direction of the process, i.e. DeltaG_(P.T.)lt0.Delta_(P.T.)=0 implies the equilibrium condition and DeltaG_(P.T.)gt0 corresponding to non-spontaneity. Gibb's Helmholtz equation relates the free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy change of the process as : DeltaG_(P.T.)=DeltaH-TDeltaS ......(i) The magnitude of Delta H does not change much with the change in temperature but the entropy factor TDeltaS changes appreciably. Thus, spontaneity of a process depends very much on temperature. For edothermic proces, both DeltaH "and " DeltaS are positive. The energy factor,the first factor of equation, opposes the spontaneity whereas entropy factor favours it . At low temperature, the favourable factor TDeltaS will be small and may be less than Delta H, DeltaG will have positive value indicating the non-spontaneity of the process. On raising temperature, the factor TDeltaS increases appreciably and when it exceeds DeltaH,DeltaG would become negative and the process would be spontaneous. For an exothermic process, both DeltaH " and " DeltaS would be negative. In this case, the first factor of equation(i) favours the spontaneity whereas the second factor opposes it. At high temperature, when TDeltaSgt DeltaH, DeltaG will have positive value, showing thereby the non-spontaneity of the process. However, on decreasing temperature, the factore TDeltaSlt DeltaH,DeltaG becomes negative and the process occurs spontaneously. Thus, an exothermic process may be spontaneous at low temperature and non-spontaneous at high temperature. For the reaction 25^(@)C,X_(2)O_(2)(l) to 2XO_(2)(g)" "DeltaH=2.1 kcal and DeltaS=20 cal K^(-1) . The reaction would be:

DINESH PUBLICATION-NUCLEAR AND RADIO CHEMISTRY-Evaluate Yourself
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  2. One among the following set of quantum numbers defines the highest ene...

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  3. If threshold wavelength (lambda(0)) for ejection of electron from meta...

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  4. All elements in the third period have

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  7. The atoms/ion listed in correct order of increasing size are

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  9. In which of the following are all the electrons paired ?

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  10. The diamagnetic molecules from among mole cules of second period eleme...

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  11. Which of the following statements is correct ?

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  12. Amongst phosphorus halides the correct increasing order of bond angle ...

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  13. The State of hybridisation of phosphorus (Z=15) in phosphate ion (PO(4...

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  17. The molecular orbital shown below is described as

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  18. Which among the following molecules has the largest dipole moment ?

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