Hippuric acid, creatinine and ketones are added to urine through

Options

A. Reabsorption
B. Glomerular filtration
C. Tubular secretion
D. Both B and C

Answer

To solve the question about how hippuric acid, creatinine, and ketones are added to urine, we can break it down into a series of steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Urine Formation**:
- Urine formation occurs in three main processes: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

2. **Identifying the Processes**:
- **Glomerular Filtration**: This is the first step where blood is filtered in the glomeruli of the kidneys, and substances like water, ions, and small molecules (including some nitrogenous wastes) pass into the renal tubules.
- **Tubular Reabsorption**: In this step, essential substances and some water are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream from the renal tubules.
- **Tubular Secretion**: This is the final step where additional wastes and excess ions are secreted from the blood into the renal tubules.

3. **Analyzing the Compounds**:
- **Hippuric Acid**: This is a product of the metabolism of benzoic acid and is typically secreted into the urine.
- **Creatinine**: This is a waste product from muscle metabolism and is primarily filtered out during glomerular filtration.
- **Ketones**: These are produced during fat metabolism and can be excreted in urine, often through tubular secretion.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the processes identified, hippuric acid, creatinine, and ketones are added to urine primarily through **glomerular filtration** and **tubular secretion**.
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that these compounds are added to urine through both B (tubular reabsorption) and C (tubular secretion).

5. **Final Answer**:
- The answer to the question is **Option D: Both B and C**.