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A1^(3+) + 3e^(-) to Al(s), E^(@) = -1.66...

`A1^(3+) + 3e^(-) to Al(s)`, `E^(@) = -1.66V`
`Cu^(2+)+ 2e^(-) rightarrow CU(s)`, `E^(@)=+0.34V`
What voltage is produced under standard conditions by combining the half reactions with these standard electrode potentials?

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To find the voltage produced under standard conditions by combining the given half-reactions, we will follow these steps: ### Step 1: Identify the half-reactions and their standard electrode potentials. - The first half-reaction is: \[ \text{Al}^{3+} + 3e^- \rightarrow \text{Al}(s) \quad E^\circ = -1.66 \, \text{V} \] - The second half-reaction is: \[ \text{Cu}^{2+} + 2e^- \rightarrow \text{Cu}(s) \quad E^\circ = +0.34 \, \text{V} \] ### Step 2: Determine which half-reaction will undergo oxidation and which will undergo reduction. - The half-reaction with the more negative standard electrode potential will act as the anode (oxidation). Here, aluminum (Al) is oxidized: \[ \text{Al}(s) \rightarrow \text{Al}^{3+} + 3e^- \] - The half-reaction with the more positive standard electrode potential will act as the cathode (reduction). Here, copper (Cu) is reduced: \[ \text{Cu}^{2+} + 2e^- \rightarrow \text{Cu}(s) \] ### Step 3: Balance the number of electrons transferred in the half-reactions. - The oxidation of aluminum produces 3 electrons, while the reduction of copper consumes 2 electrons. To balance the electrons, we can multiply the aluminum half-reaction by 2 and the copper half-reaction by 3: \[ 2 \times \left(\text{Al}(s) \rightarrow \text{Al}^{3+} + 3e^-\right) \quad \text{(oxidation)} \] \[ 3 \times \left(\text{Cu}^{2+} + 2e^- \rightarrow \text{Cu}(s)\right) \quad \text{(reduction)} \] ### Step 4: Write the balanced overall reaction. - The balanced overall reaction will be: \[ 2\text{Al}(s) + 3\text{Cu}^{2+} \rightarrow 2\text{Al}^{3+} + 3\text{Cu}(s) \] ### Step 5: Calculate the standard cell potential \(E^\circ_{\text{cell}}\). - The standard cell potential is calculated using the formula: \[ E^\circ_{\text{cell}} = E^\circ_{\text{cathode}} - E^\circ_{\text{anode}} \] - Here, \(E^\circ_{\text{cathode}} = 0.34 \, \text{V}\) (for Cu) and \(E^\circ_{\text{anode}} = -1.66 \, \text{V}\) (for Al): \[ E^\circ_{\text{cell}} = 0.34 \, \text{V} - (-1.66 \, \text{V}) = 0.34 \, \text{V} + 1.66 \, \text{V} = 2.00 \, \text{V} \] ### Conclusion: The voltage produced under standard conditions by combining the half-reactions is: \[ \boxed{2.00 \, \text{V}} \]

To find the voltage produced under standard conditions by combining the given half-reactions, we will follow these steps: ### Step 1: Identify the half-reactions and their standard electrode potentials. - The first half-reaction is: \[ \text{Al}^{3+} + 3e^- \rightarrow \text{Al}(s) \quad E^\circ = -1.66 \, \text{V} \] - The second half-reaction is: ...
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