When sulphonilic acid `(p-H_(2)NC_(6)H_(4)SO_(3)H)` is treated with excess of bromine water the product is:

Options

A. tribromo product
B. dibromo product
C. monobromo product
D. tetrabromo product

Answer

To determine the product formed when sulphonilic acid `(p-H₂NC₆H₄SO₃H)` is treated with excess bromine water, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Structure of Sulphonilic Acid
Sulphonilic acid has the following structure:
- An amine group `-NH₂`
- A sulfonic acid group `-SO₃H`
- The structure can be represented as:

```
NH₂
|
C₆H₄
|
SO₃H
```

### Step 2: Understand the Directing Effects of the Functional Groups
The `-NH₂` group is an ortho-para directing group, which means it will direct electrophilic substitution reactions to the ortho and para positions relative to itself.

### Step 3: Reaction with Bromine Water
When sulphonilic acid is treated with bromine water, bromine acts as an electrophile. The `-NH₂` group will increase the electron density of the aromatic ring, making it more reactive towards bromination.

### Step 4: First Bromination
1. The `-NH₂` group directs bromination to the ortho and para positions.
2. The first bromination will occur at the para position (due to steric hindrance at the ortho position) leading to the formation of para-bromosulphonilic acid.

### Step 5: Second Bromination
1. The newly formed para-bromosulphonilic acid can undergo further bromination.
2. The `-SO₃H` group is also ortho-para directing, allowing for bromination at the ortho position relative to the `-SO₃H` group.

### Step 6: Final Product Formation
1. The second bromination will occur at the ortho position relative to the `-SO₃H` group.
2. This results in a tribrominated product where:
- One bromine is at the para position relative to `-NH₂`
- Two bromines are at the ortho position relative to `-SO₃H`

### Final Structure
The final structure of the product will be:
```
Br
|
NH₂
|
C₆H₂Br₂
|
SO₃H
```
This indicates that the product is a tribromo derivative of sulphonilic acid.

### Conclusion
When sulphonilic acid is treated with excess bromine water, the product formed is a **tribromo derivative** of sulphonilic acid.

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