In the following sequence of reactions:
`"Toluene" overset(KMnO_(4)" ")(rarr)"A" overset(SOCl_(2)" ")(rarr)underset(" C" )underset(H_(2)//Pd darr BaSO_(4))(B)`
the product C is :

Options

A. `C_(6)H_(5)`COOH
B. `C_(6)H_(5)CH_(3)`
C. `C_(6)H_(5)CH_(2)`OH
D. `C_(6)H_(5)`CHO

Answer

To determine the product C in the given sequence of reactions starting from toluene, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the starting compound
The starting compound is toluene, which has the chemical formula C₇H₈. It consists of a benzene ring (C₆H₅) with a methyl group (CH₃) attached to it.

### Step 2: Reaction with KMnO₄
When toluene is treated with KMnO₄ (potassium permanganate), it undergoes oxidation. KMnO₄ is a strong oxidizing agent and will oxidize the methyl group (-CH₃) of toluene to a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). The product of this reaction is benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH).

**Product A:** C₆H₅COOH (Benzoic Acid)

### Step 3: Reaction with SOCl₂
Next, benzoic acid reacts with thionyl chloride (SOCl₂). In this reaction, the -COOH group of benzoic acid is converted into an acyl chloride (-COCl). The reaction proceeds through the formation of an intermediate, and the product of this step is benzoyl chloride.

**Product B:** C₆H₅COCl (Benzoyl Chloride)

### Step 4: Hydrogenation
The final step involves the hydrogenation of benzoyl chloride using H₂ in the presence of a palladium catalyst (Pd) supported on barium sulfate (BaSO₄). During hydrogenation, the acyl chloride is reduced to an aldehyde. The product of this hydrogenation is benzaldehyde.

**Product C:** C₆H₅CHO (Benzaldehyde)

### Final Answer
The product C is benzaldehyde, with the chemical formula C₆H₅CHO.

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