Which of the following statements is/are true?

Options

A. Covalent bonds are directional
B. Ionic bonds are non-directional
C. A polar bond is formed between two atoms which have the same electronegativity value.
D. The presence of polar bonds in a polyatomic molecule suggests that it has zero dipole moment

Answer

To determine which statements are true regarding covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and polar bonds, let's analyze each statement step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the first statement
**Statement 1:** Covalent bonds are directional.

- **Explanation:** Covalent bonds are formed by the overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals. This overlap occurs in a specific orientation in space, leading to a definite shape of the molecule. Therefore, covalent bonds indeed have a directional nature.

**Conclusion:** This statement is **true**.

### Step 2: Analyze the second statement
**Statement 2:** Ionic bonds are non-directional.

- **Explanation:** Ionic bonds result from the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. Each ion is surrounded by several oppositely charged ions, creating a lattice structure. This arrangement does not favor a specific direction, as the forces act equally in all directions around the ion.

**Conclusion:** This statement is **true**.

### Step 3: Analyze the third statement
**Statement 3:** A polar bond is formed between two atoms which have the same electronegativity value.

- **Explanation:** A polar bond occurs when there is a difference in electronegativity between two atoms, leading to a dipole moment (a separation of charge). If two atoms have the same electronegativity, they will share electrons equally, resulting in a nonpolar bond, not a polar bond.

**Conclusion:** This statement is **false**.

### Step 4: Final analysis of the statements
- **Statement 1:** True (Covalent bonds are directional)
- **Statement 2:** True (Ionic bonds are non-directional)
- **Statement 3:** False (Polar bonds require a difference in electronegativity)

### Final Answer
The true statements are:
1. Covalent bonds are directional.
2. Ionic bonds are non-directional.