Which of the following statements is correct for bacterial flagella ?

Options

A. Gram negative have `4` rings whereas Gram positive have `2` rings in their basal body
B. Made up of flagellin proteins in which `8` flagellin molecules surrounds a hollow cylinder
C. Flagella of bacteria can be stained by Leifson stain
D. All of these

Answer

To determine which statements are correct regarding bacterial flagella, we can analyze each statement provided in the question step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the first statement
**Statement:** Gram-negative bacteria have four rings in their basal body, whereas gram-positive bacteria have two rings.

**Explanation:** This statement is correct. In gram-negative bacteria, the flagellar basal body consists of four rings:
1. L ring (lipopolysaccharide ring)
2. P ring (peptidoglycan ring)
3. S ring (super membrane ring)
4. M ring (membrane ring)

In contrast, gram-positive bacteria have only two rings:
1. P ring
2. M ring

### Step 2: Analyze the second statement
**Statement:** Bacterial flagella are made up of flagellin proteins, with 8 flagellin molecules arranged around a hollow cylinder.

**Explanation:** This statement is also correct. Bacterial flagella are primarily composed of the protein flagellin, and they typically form a helical structure where multiple flagellin molecules (often around 8) come together to create a hollow cylinder.

### Step 3: Analyze the third statement
**Statement:** Flagella of bacteria can be stained by the Lipson stain.

**Explanation:** This statement is not commonly recognized in standard microbiology. While there are various staining techniques for observing flagella, Lipson stain is not one of the widely accepted methods. Therefore, this statement is likely incorrect.

### Step 4: Analyze the fourth statement
**Statement:** Because it includes all the statements that are correct for bacterial flagella.

**Explanation:** Since the third statement is incorrect, this statement is also incorrect because it claims that all previous statements are correct.

### Conclusion
The correct statements regarding bacterial flagella are:
1. Gram-negative bacteria have four rings in their basal body, whereas gram-positive bacteria have two rings.
2. Bacterial flagella are made up of flagellin proteins, with 8 flagellin molecules arranged around a hollow cylinder.

### Final Answer
The correct statements for bacterial flagella are:
1. Gram-negative bacteria have four rings in their basal body, whereas gram-positive bacteria have two rings.
2. Bacterial flagella are made up of flagellin proteins, with 8 flagellin molecules arranged around a hollow cylinder.

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