Siphonogamy and indirect pollination are characteristics of `:`

Options

A. Phanerogams without ovary
B. Phanerogams with ovary
C. All phanerogams
D. All plants having sporophyte as independent plant body

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Siphonogamy**:
- Siphonogamy is a reproductive process in which pollen grains form pollen tubes. This allows for the transfer of male gametes to the ovule for fertilization.
- This process is primarily observed in angiosperms (flowering plants).

2. **Understanding Indirect Pollination**:
- Indirect pollination refers to the process where male gametes are transferred to the female gametes with the help of a third structure (like a pollen tube). This is different from direct pollination where the transfer occurs without any intermediary.

3. **Identifying the Plant Groups**:
- **Gymnosperms**: These are phanerogams without ovaries. They do not form flowers and therefore do not produce pollen tubes. Hence, they do not exhibit siphonogamy or indirect pollination.
- **Angiosperms**: These are phanerogams with ovaries. They produce flowers and form pollen tubes, allowing for siphonogamy and indirect pollination.
- **All Phanerogams**: This category includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms, so it cannot be the correct answer since gymnosperms do not exhibit these characteristics.
- **Sporophytes**: While sporophytes are independent plant bodies in some plants, not all sporophytes exhibit indirect pollination. For example, some rely on water for fertilization.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The characteristics of siphonogamy and indirect pollination are specifically found in angiosperms. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "Phanerogams with Ovary," which refers to angiosperms.

**Final Answer**: Phanerogams with Ovary (Angiosperms).

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