After completion of biosynthetic stage, the separation and purification of product is called :

Options

A. Upstream processing
B. Downstream processing
C. Modern biotechnology
D. Gene amplification

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the process that follows the biosynthetic stage in biotechnology, specifically focusing on the separation and purification of the product obtained.

2. **Identifying the Process**: After the biosynthetic stage, the next crucial step is to separate and purify the product. This is essential to ensure that the desired product is isolated from other components.

3. **Defining Downstream Processing**: The process of separation and purification is known as "Downstream Processing." This term encompasses all the steps required to isolate the product after it has been synthesized.

4. **Steps Involved in Downstream Processing**:
- **Separation of Solid and Liquid**: The first step involves separating the solid biomass from the liquid medium.
- **Retrieving Intracellular Products**: Next, the intracellular products need to be retrieved from the cells.
- **Concentration of Products**: After retrieval, the products are concentrated to increase their yield.
- **Purification through Chromatography**: The concentrated products are then purified using chromatography techniques.
- **Formulation**: Finally, the purified products are formulated for their intended use.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the answer to the question is "Downstream Processing," which includes all the steps mentioned above.

**Final Answer**: Downstream Processing

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