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A fruit having an endocarp with sub-epid...

A fruit having an endocarp with sub-epidermal juice sacs or hairs on the inner side of its locules, a spongy white mesocarp and leathery epicarp having oil glands is called

A

Pome

B

Pepo

C

Drupe

D

Hesperidium

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To identify the type of fruit described in the question, we can follow these steps: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understand the Structure of the Fruit**: - The fruit has three layers: the epicarp (outer layer), mesocarp (middle layer), and endocarp (inner layer). - The endocarp has sub-epidermal juice sacs or hairs on the inner side of its locules. 2. **Analyze the Characteristics of Each Layer**: - **Epicarp**: Described as leathery and containing oil glands. - **Mesocarp**: Described as spongy and white. - **Endocarp**: Contains juice sacs or hairs, indicating a juicy interior. 3. **Consider the Options**: - **Pome**: Incorrect, as it develops from a fleshy thalamus and not described as having the mentioned characteristics. - **Pepo**: Incorrect, as it is fleshy throughout and does not match the description. - **Drupe**: Incorrect, as it is typically one-seeded with a hard endocarp. - **Hesperidium**: Correct, as it is a type of berry with a leathery epicarp, spongy mesocarp, and juicy endocarp with hairs or sacs. 4. **Conclusion**: - Based on the analysis, the fruit described in the question is a **Hesperidium**. Examples include citrus fruits like oranges and lemons. ### Final Answer: The fruit is called **Hesperidium**.
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When a sound wave enters the ear, it sets the eardrum into oscillation, which in turn causes oscillation of 3 tiny bones in the middle ear called ossicles. This oscillation is finally transmitted to the fluid filled in inner portion of the ear termed as inner ear, the motion of the fluid disturbs hair cells within the inner ear which transmit nerve impulses to the brain with the information that a sound is present. The theree bones present in the middle ear are named as hammer, anvil and stirrup. Out of these the stirrup is the smallest one and this only connects the middle ear to inner ear as shown in the figure below. The area of stirrup and its extent of connection with the inner ear limits the sensitivity of the human ear consider a person's ear whose moving part of the eardrum has an area of about 50mm^2 and the area of stirrup is about 5mm^2 . The mass of ossicles is negligible. As a result, force exerted by sound wave in air on eardum and ossicles is same as the force exerted by ossicles on the inner ear. Consider a sound wave having maximum pressure fluctuation of 4xx10^-2Pa from its normal equilibrium pressure value which is equal to 10^5Pa . Frequency of sound wave in air is 332(m)/(s) . Velocity of sound wave in fluid (present in inner ear) is 1500(m)/(s) . Bulk modulus of air is 1.42xx10^5Pa . Bulk modulus of fluid is 2.18xx10^9Pa . Q. Find the pressure amplitude of given sound wave in the fluid of inner ear.

When a sound wave enters the ear, it sets the eardrum into oscillation, which in turn causes oscillation of 3 tiny bones in the middle ear called ossicles. This oscillation is finally transmitted to the fluid filled in inner portion of the ear termed as inner ear, the motion of the fluid disturbs hair cells within the inner ear which transmit nerve impulses to the brain with the information that a sound is present. The theree bones present in the middle ear are named as hammer, anvil and stirrup. Out of these the stirrup is the smallest one and this only connects the middle ear to inner ear as shown in the figure below. The area of stirrup and its extent of connection with the inner ear limits the sensitivity of the human ear consider a person's ear whose moving part of the eardrum has an area of about 50mm^2 and the area of stirrup is about 5mm^2 . The mass of ossicles is negligible. As a result, force exerted by sound wave in air on eardum and ossicles is same as the force exerted by ossicles on the inner ear. Consider a sound wave having maximum pressure fluctuation of 4xx10^-2Pa from its normal equilibrium pressure value which is equal to 10^5Pa . Frequency of sound wave in air is 332(m)/(s) . Velocity of sound wave in fluid (present in inner ear) is 1500(m)/(s) . Bulk modulus of air is 1.42xx10^5Pa . Bulk modulus of fluid is 2.18xx10^9Pa . Q. Find the displacement amplitude of given sound wave in the fluid of inner ear.

When a sound wave enters the ear, it sets the eardrum into oscillation, which in turn causes oscillation of 3 tiny bones in the middle ear called ossicles. This oscillation is finally transmitted to the fluid filled in inner portion of the ear termed as inner ear, the motion of the fluid disturbs hair cells within the inner ear which transmit nerve impulses to the brain with the information that a sound is present. The theree bones present in the middle ear are named as hammer, anvil and stirrup. Out of these the stirrup is the smallest one and this only connects the middle ear to inner ear as shown in the figure below. The area of stirrup and its extent of connection with the inner ear limits the sensitivity of the human ear consider a person's ear whose moving part of the eardrum has an area of about 50mm^2 and the area of stirrup is about 5mm^2 . The mass of ossicles is negligible. As a result, force exerted by sound wave in air on eardum and ossicles is same as the force exerted by ossicles on the inner ear. Consider a sound wave having maximum pressure fluctuation of 4xx10^-2Pa from its normal equilibrium pressure value which is equal to 10^5Pa . Frequency of sound wave in air is 332(m)/(s) . Velocity of sound wave in fluid (present in inner ear) is 1500(m)/(s) . Bulk modulus of air is 1.42xx10^5Pa . Bulk modulus of fluid is 2.18xx10^9Pa . Q. If the person is using an hearing aid, which increase the intensity of given sound wave change as perceived by inner ear?

When a sound wave enters the ear, it sets the eardrum into oscillation, which in turn causes oscillation of 3 tiny bones in the middle ear called ossicles. This oscillation is finally transmitted to the fluid filled in inner portion of the ear termed as inner ear, the motion of the fluid disturbs hair cells within the inner ear which transmit nerve impulses to the brain with the information that a sound is present. The theree bones present in the middle ear are named as hammer, anvil and stirrup. Out of these the stirrup is the smallest one and this only connects the middle ear to inner ear as shown in the figure below. The area of stirrup and its extent of connection with the inner ear limits the sensitivity of the human ear consider a person's ear whose moving part of the eardrum has an area of about 50mm^2 and the area of stirrup is about 5mm^2 . The mass of ossicles is negligible. As a result, force exerted by sound wave in air on eardum and ossicles is same as the force exerted by ossicles on the inner ear. Consider a sound wave having maximum pressure fluctuation of 4xx10^-2Pa from its normal equilibrium pressure value which is equal to 10^5Pa . Frequency of sound wave in air is 332(m)/(s) . Velocity of sound wave in fluid (present in inner ear) is 1500(m)/(s) . Bulk modulus of air is 1.42xx10^5Pa . Bulk modulus of fluid is 2.18xx10^9Pa . Q. This person (without hearing aid machine) is sitting inside a busy restaurant where average sound intensity is 3.2xx10^-5(W)/(m^2) . How much energy in the form of sound is taken up by the person in his meal time of 1 h?

When a sound wave enters the ear, it sets the eardrum into oscillation, which in turn causes oscillation of 3 tiny bones in the middle ear called ossicles. This oscillation is finally transmitted to the fluid filled in inner portion of the ear termed as inner ear, the motion of the fluid disturbs hair cells within the inner ear which transmit nerve impulses to the brain with the information that a sound is present. The theree bones present in the middle ear are named as hammer, anvil and stirrup. Out of these the stirrup is the smallest one and this only connects the middle ear to inner ear as shown in the figure below. The area of stirrup and its extent of connection with the inner ear limits the sensitivity of the human ear consider a person's ear whose moving part of the eardrum has an area of about 50mm^2 and the area of stirrup is about 5mm^2 . The mass of ossicles is negligible. As a result, force exerted by sound wave in air on eardum and ossicles is same as the force exerted by ossicles on the inner ear. Consider a sound wave having maximum pressure fluctuation of 4xx10^-2Pa from its normal equilibrium pressure value which is equal to 10^5Pa . Frequency of sound wave in air is 332(m)/(s) . Velocity of sound wave in fluid (present in inner ear) is 1500(m)/(s) . Bulk modulus of air is 1.42xx10^5Pa . Bulk modulus of fluid is 2.18xx10^9Pa . Q. With respect to information provided above, mark the correct statement.

READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE CAREFULLY: 1. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES, INSULIN DEPENDENT, AND NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT. 90-95% OF THE ESTIMATED 13-14 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES WITH DIABETES HAVE NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT, OR TYPE II DIABETES. BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF DIABETES USUALLY BEGINS IN ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 40 AND IS MOST COMMON AFTER THE AGE OF 55, IT USED TO BE CALLED ADULT-ONSET DIABETES, ITS SYMPTOMS OFTEN DEVELOP GRADUALLY AND ARE HARD TO IDENTIFY AT FIRST, THEREFORE NEARLY HALF OF ALL THE PEOPLE WITH DIABETES DO NOT KNOW IT. SO, SOMEONE WHO HAS DEVELOPED TYPE II DIABETES MAY FEEL TIRED OR ILL WITHOUT KNOWING WHY. THIS CAN BE PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS BECAUSE UNTREATED DIABETES CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS, EYES, KIDNEYS, AND NERVES. WHILE THE CAUSES, SHORT-TERM EFFECTS, AND TREATMENTS OF THE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES DIFFER, BOTH TYPES CAN CAUSE LONG-TERM HEALTH PROBLEMS. 2. MOST IMPORTANTLY, BOTH TYPES AFFECT THE BODY’S ABILITY TO USE DIGESTED FOOD FOR ENERGY. DIABETES DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH DIGESTION, BUT IT DOES PREVENT THE BODY FROM USING AN IMPORTANT PRODUCT OF DIGESTION, GLUCOSE, FOR ENERGY. AFTER A MEAL, THE NORMAL DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BREAKS SOME FOOD DOWN INTO GLUCOSE. THE BLOOD CARRIES THE GLUCOSE OR SUGAR THROUGHOUT THE BODY, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RISE. IN RESPONSE TO THIS, INSULIN IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM AND SIGNALS THE BODY TISSUES TO METABOLIZE OR BURN THE GLUCOSE FOR FUEL, WHICH CAUSES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RETURN TO NORMAL. THE GLUCOSE THAT THE BODY DOES NOT USE IS STORED IN THE LIVER, MUSCLE OR FAT. 3. IN BOTH TYPES OF DIABETES, THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF GLANDS IS AFFECTED. A GLAND CALLED PANCREAS MAKES INSULIN. IN PEOPLE WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES, THE PANCREAS DOES NOT PRODUCE INSULIN AT ALL. PEOPLE WITH NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES USUALLY PRODUCE SOME INSULIN IN THEIR PANCREAS, BUT THEIR BODY TISSUES DO NOT METABOLIZE THE GLUCOSE PROPERTY, A CONDITION KNOWN AS INSULIN RESISTANCE. 4. THERE’S NO CURE FOR DIABETES YET. HOWEVER, THERE ARE WAYS TO GET RELIEF FROM ITS SYMPTOMS. FOODS THAT ARE RICH IN CARBOHYDRATES BREAK DOWN INTO GLUCOSE DURING DIGESTION, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE TO RISE. ALSO, STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT COOKED FOODS RAISE BLOOD GLUCOSE HIGHER THAN RAW, UNPEELED FOODS. SO WE SHOULD EAT SUCH UNCOOKED WHOLE GRAIN FOODS. ON THE BASIS OF YOUR READING OF THE ABOVE PASSAGE, MAKE NOTES ON IT USING HEADINGS AND SUB-HEADINGS. USE RECOGNIZABLE ABBREVIATIONS WHEREVER NECESSARY (MINIMUM FOUR).

READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE CAREFULLY: 1. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES, INSULIN DEPENDENT, AND NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT. 90-95% OF THE ESTIMATED 13-14 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES WITH DIABETES HAVE NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT, OR TYPE II DIABETES. BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF DIABETES USUALLY BEGINS IN ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 40 AND IS MOST COMMON AFTER THE AGE OF 55, IT USED TO BE CALLED ADULT-ONSET DIABETES, ITS SYMPTOMS OFTEN DEVELOP GRADUALLY AND ARE HARD TO IDENTIFY AT FIRST, THEREFORE NEARLY HALF OF ALL THE PEOPLE WITH DIABETES DO NOT KNOW IT. SO, SOMEONE WHO HAS DEVELOPED TYPE II DIABETES MAY FEEL TIRED OR ILL WITHOUT KNOWING WHY. THIS CAN BE PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS BECAUSE UNTREATED DIABETES CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS, EYES, KIDNEYS, AND NERVES. WHILE THE CAUSES, SHORT-TERM EFFECTS, AND TREATMENTS OF THE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES DIFFER, BOTH TYPES CAN CAUSE LONG-TERM HEALTH PROBLEMS. 2. MOST IMPORTANTLY, BOTH TYPES AFFECT THE BODY’S ABILITY TO USE DIGESTED FOOD FOR ENERGY. DIABETES DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH DIGESTION, BUT IT DOES PREVENT THE BODY FROM USING AN IMPORTANT PRODUCT OF DIGESTION, GLUCOSE, FOR ENERGY. AFTER A MEAL, THE NORMAL DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BREAKS SOME FOOD DOWN INTO GLUCOSE. THE BLOOD CARRIES THE GLUCOSE OR SUGAR THROUGHOUT THE BODY, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RISE. IN RESPONSE TO THIS, INSULIN IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM AND SIGNALS THE BODY TISSUES TO METABOLIZE OR BURN THE GLUCOSE FOR FUEL, WHICH CAUSES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RETURN TO NORMAL. THE GLUCOSE THAT THE BODY DOES NOT USE IS STORED IN THE LIVER, MUSCLE OR FAT. 3. IN BOTH TYPES OF DIABETES, THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF GLANDS IS AFFECTED. A GLAND CALLED PANCREAS MAKES INSULIN. IN PEOPLE WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES, THE PANCREAS DOES NOT PRODUCE INSULIN AT ALL. PEOPLE WITH NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES USUALLY PRODUCE SOME INSULIN IN THEIR PANCREAS, BUT THEIR BODY TISSUES DO NOT METABOLIZE THE GLUCOSE PROPERTY, A CONDITION KNOWN AS INSULIN RESISTANCE. 4. THERE’S NO CURE FOR DIABETES YET. HOWEVER, THERE ARE WAYS TO GET RELIEF FROM ITS SYMPTOMS. FOODS THAT ARE RICH IN CARBOHYDRATES BREAK DOWN INTO GLUCOSE DURING DIGESTION, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE TO RISE. ALSO, STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT COOKED FOODS RAISE BLOOD GLUCOSE HIGHER THAN RAW, UNPEELED FOODS. SO WE SHOULD EAT SUCH UNCOOKED WHOLE GRAIN FOODS. ON THE BASIS OF YOUR READING OF THE ABOVE PASSAGE, MAKE NOTES ON IT USING HEADINGS AND SUB-HEADINGS. USE RECOGNIZABLE ABBREVIATIONS WHEREVER NECESSARY (MINIMUM FOUR).