Which of the following has the highest and lowest cogulating power? `(AI^(+3),Na^(+),Mg^(+2),Ba^(+2)`) ?

Options

A. `AI^(+3), Na^(+) `
B. `Na^(+,AI^(+3)`
C. `Ba^(+2),AI^(+3)`
D. They have same coagulating power

Answer

To determine which of the given ions has the highest and lowest coagulating power, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand Coagulating Power
Coagulating power refers to the ability of a cation to neutralize the charge of colloidal particles, leading to their aggregation and precipitation. According to the Hardy-Schulze rule, the coagulating power of an ion increases with its charge.

### Step 2: List the Given Ions and Their Charges
The ions provided in the question are:
- \( Al^{3+} \) (Charge: +3)
- \( Na^{+} \) (Charge: +1)
- \( Mg^{2+} \) (Charge: +2)
- \( Ba^{2+} \) (Charge: +2)

### Step 3: Compare the Charges
Now, we compare the charges of the ions:
- \( Al^{3+} \): +3
- \( Mg^{2+} \): +2
- \( Ba^{2+} \): +2
- \( Na^{+} \): +1

### Step 4: Determine Coagulating Power
According to the Hardy-Schulze rule:
- The ion with the highest charge will have the highest coagulating power.
- The ion with the lowest charge will have the lowest coagulating power.

From the comparison:
- Highest coagulating power: \( Al^{3+} \) (charge +3)
- Lowest coagulating power: \( Na^{+} \) (charge +1)

### Conclusion
- **Highest Coagulating Power**: \( Al^{3+} \)
- **Lowest Coagulating Power**: \( Na^{+} \)