`R-C-= N overset(SnCl_2 +HCI ) to X overset(H_3 O^+ ) to Y.` this reaction is :

Options

A. Rosenmund reaction
B. Stephen's partial rection
C. Clemmensen's reducation
D. Canizzaro reaction

Answer

To solve the given question, we need to analyze the reaction step by step. The reaction involves the conversion of a nitrile (R-C≡N) to an imine (X) and then to an aldehyde (Y) through hydrolysis. Let's break down the steps:

### Step 1: Reaction of Nitrile with Stannous Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid
- The starting compound is a nitrile, represented as R-C≡N.
- When R-C≡N is treated with stannous chloride (SnCl₂) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), it undergoes reduction.
- The triple bond (C≡N) in the nitrile is converted to a double bond (C=NH), forming an imine (X).

**Intermediate formed:**
\[ R-C≡N \xrightarrow{SnCl_2 + HCl} R-CH=NH \quad (X) \]

### Step 2: Hydrolysis of the Imine
- The next step involves the hydrolysis of the imine (X) using hydronium ions (H₃O⁺).
- Hydrolysis involves the addition of water (H₂O) in the presence of H₃O⁺, which leads to the breaking of the C=N bond.
- This results in the formation of an aldehyde (Y) and ammonia (NH₃) as a byproduct.

**Final product formed:**
\[ R-CH=NH \xrightarrow{H_3O^+} R-CHO + NH_3 \quad (Y) \]

### Conclusion
The overall transformation can be summarized as:
1. **From Nitrile to Imine:** Reduction of nitrile to imine.
2. **From Imine to Aldehyde:** Hydrolysis of imine to form aldehyde.

### Name of the Reaction
The reaction described is known as the **Stiffens Reaction** (or Stefan's reaction), which involves the reduction of nitriles to imines followed by hydrolysis to form aldehydes.

### Final Answer
The reaction is the **Stiffens Reaction**.

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